Abstract
Physiological anthropology presently covers a very broad range of human knowledge and engineering technologies. This study reviews scientific inconsistencies within a variety of areas: sitting posture; negative air ions; oxygen inhalation; alpha brain waves induced by music and ultrasound; 1/f fluctuations; the evaluation of feelings using surface electroencephalography; Kansei; universal design; and anti-stress issues. We found that the inconsistencies within these areas indicate the importance of integrative thinking and the need to maintain the perspective on the biological benefit to humanity. Analytical science divides human physiological functions into discrete details, although individuals comprise a unified collection of whole-body functions. Such disparate considerations contribute to the misunderstanding of physiological functions and the misevaluation of positive and negative values for humankind. Research related to human health will, in future, depend on the concept of maintaining physiological functions based on consistent science and on sustaining human health to maintain biological welfare in future generations.
Highlights
Physiological anthropology presently covers a very broad range of human knowledge and engineering technologies
Review Physiological anthropology encompasses the fields of what is good and comfortable in the design of tools, environments, or systems based on human characteristics, in order to increase the quality of life
All aspects of previous research regard humankind scientifically, and researchers believe that analytical methodology is the way to categorize humans in discrete detail, even though an individual comprises a unified set of whole-body functions
Summary
Scientific inconsistencies warn of the importance of integrative thinking and the biological benefit to humanity. We propose that physiological functions based on consistent science should be considered so that health, or biological welfare, can be sustained over the long term. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors' contributions YS conceived and wrote the manuscript. TK conceived and helped to draft the manuscript. Both authors have read and approved the final manuscript
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