Abstract
LEED®-ND™ is the latest attempt to develop more sustainable urban environs in the United States. The LEED®-ND™ program was created to provide a green rating system that would improve the quality of life for all people through the inclusion of sustainable development practices. To achieve this, a premium is placed on the locational attributes of proposed projects under the “Smart Location and Linkages” credit category. The purpose of this paper is to explore the locational attributes of LEED®-ND™ projects in the United States to determine if projects are being located in areas that will result in achieving the program’s stated objectives. Specifically, this paper will examine two locational variables (i.e., night-time light intensity and land use cover) through the use of GIS to determine the effectiveness of these criteria.
Highlights
Creating more sustainable urban development patterns for cities has become an important focus of planning in recent decades
The purpose of this paper is to explore the micro-locational attributes of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)®-NDTM projects in the United States to determine if these developments are being sited in areas to achieve the program’s stated objective of building more sustainable communities
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Summary
Creating more sustainable urban development patterns for cities has become an important focus of planning in recent decades. Cities will add an additional 2.5 billion residents to the already 3.5 billion urban dwellers by 2050 [5]. These populations will put tremendous strains on the economic, environmental, and social capacities of their respective cities if development patterns do not change. Issues of rising sea levels and other climate impacts, combined with changing and limited financial resources are forcing many cities to consider implementing urban sustainability measures [6,7]. Planning for the rapidly growing urban population is of the utmost importance as land, natural resources, and funding become increasingly scarce
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