Abstract

Chromium (Cr) pollution in water poses significant health and environmental risks globally. Industrial activities release Cr into surface and groundwater, leading to soil infertility, reduced agricultural productivity, and harmful effects on microorganisms and plants. Cr toxicity in humans can cause various health issues, including asthma, lung disease, cancer, and developmental abnormalities. Conventional wastewater treatment methods often fail to reduce Cr levels to acceptable standards set by regulatory agencies. Nanomaterials have become promising adsorbents for removing Cr due to their distinctive physicochemical characteristics, such as high surface area, small diffusion routes, and adjustable active sites. This chapter provides an overview of the literature on Cr removal and recovery using nanomaterials, highlighting their advantages over traditional sorbents. The environmental impacts of Cr pollution and the impact of adsorption with different nanomaterials are discussed. Regulatory standards for Cr in drinking water and effluent discharge are presented, emphasizing the need for strict control and proper waste disposal methods. The chapter aims to enhance the understanding of nanomaterial capabilities and their viability in lab-scale and pilot-scale studies for sustainable Cr remediation. This resource is valuable for researchers and professionals investigating nanotechnology-based approaches to address the critical issue of Cr contamination in wastewater.

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