Abstract
Daily transportation of wastes due to its environmental, financial, and social aspects has been considered a challenging issue in developing countries' municipal solid waste management systems. The location of transfer stations as intermediate nodes in municipal solid waste management network affects optimal collection frequency. A sustainable multi-period and multi-trip vehicle routing problem integrated with relocation models was developed to redesign the intermediate transfer stations and find optimal vehicle routes and the best collection frequency for each municipal solid waste generation point. Regarding the social aspects of a sustainable solid waste management system, an extended social life cycle assessment methodology for redesign and routing operations was developed based on the UNEP guidelines. The social life cycle assessment methodology evaluated the probable social effects of the system throughout the entire life cycle using an iterative policy. In this study, selected impact subcategories and inventory indicators for the routing and redesign system were utilized to quantify the system social score. Besides, the developed model was solved for different problem instances. The results indicated that system social score was affected by collection frequencies decisions, redesign policy, and the number of demand nodes. Furthermore, the model was applied to a real-world case study resulting in a total cost reduction of 66% that occurred by a 86% reduction in weekly traveled distance and a 12% decrease in routing social score.
Highlights
Atmospheric CO2 is about 412 ppm with an increasing pattern of 2 ppm per year (Hannan et al.2018)
To make some efficient Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) policy, many challenging questions may arise such as: What is the best policy for redesigning an existing intermediate transfer station (ITrS) in municipal solid waste management system (MSWMS)? How to allocate waste generation points to each of these ITrSs? In a certain period, what is the best collection frequency for generation points? What is the best route for each vehicle? How to minimize costs for such a system? How to achieve a sustainable MSWMS? For addressing the questions, a sustainable MSWM network has been introduced and a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model was developed to find an optimal solution with regard to the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of sustainability
This study proposes a MILP model to optimize the design and operations of the municipal solid waste (MSW) collection network through a sustainable, multi-trip, and periodic redesign-routing problem (SMTP-reLRP) for MSWMS
Summary
Atmospheric CO2 is about 412 ppm with an increasing pattern of 2 ppm per year (Hannan et al.2018). Transportation for collecting municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the major parts of the municipal solid waste management system (MSWMS) in most developing countries. Environmental and health-related issues, increasing waste generation, and resource limitations make designing an efficient system for collecting MSW paramount important (Mirdar Harijani et al 2017). For referring to the sustainable systems, three dimensions of sustainability – economic, environmental, and social – need to be considered (Ramos et al 2014). Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) involves several of strategic, tactical, and operational decisions. What is the best collection frequency for generation points? A sustainable MSWM network has been introduced and a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model was developed to find an optimal solution with regard to the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of sustainability To make some efficient MSWM policy, many challenging questions may arise such as: What is the best policy for redesigning an existing intermediate transfer station (ITrS) in MSWMS? How to allocate waste generation points to each of these ITrSs? In a certain period, what is the best collection frequency for generation points? What is the best route for each vehicle? How to minimize costs for such a system? How to achieve a sustainable MSWMS? For addressing the questions, a sustainable MSWM network has been introduced and a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model was developed to find an optimal solution with regard to the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of sustainability
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