Abstract
This study examines the sustainable landscapes displayed in traditional Korean houses of the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1910) by investigating urban agricultural practices implemented in the palace, private houses, and an imaginary garden (Uiwon). Currently popular productive gardening applications, such as urban agriculture, productive landscapes, and edible landscapes, also formed the backbone of the traditional Korean housing environment in the Joseon Dynasty, which has had substantial implications for today’s landscaping practices. Landscapes that are productive rather than decorative are important for environmentally sound and sustainable development not only for South Korea but also for modern housing design worldwide. This research provides concrete discussions of the definition and range of urban agriculture, agricultural methods, and principal agents of gardening-related businesses. This information advances the cultural conversation as well as the understanding and application of gardening in the modern context. Through a comparison of traditional and modern South Korean housing environments, this study contributes to developing the research on the role of gardens in sustainable landscapes.
Highlights
Depictions and examples of edible plant cultivation have appeared throughout history, in such places as an ancient Egyptian mural with a grapevine, the well-documented Roman villa gardens, the abundance of medieval monastery gardens, and the garden depicted in the work “King’s vegetable garden (Le Potager du Roi)” displayed at the 17th-century Palace of Versailles
As productive—rather than merely visually appealing—gardens are highlighted by recent global trends, the productive landscape, which focuses on urban agriculture, is becoming a hot topic
Gardening is an activity associated with everyday domestic tasks, but it provides a way to discover the truths of the universe by observing the changes in nature that one experiences by cultivating edible plants
Summary
The United Nations, which recognizes the many advantages of urban agriculture, recommends agriculture for metropolitan urban planning and regards it as an essential component in creating a more ecological urban environment [11,12,13,14] In keeping with this trend, in the 1990s, South Korea agreed that it was necessary to introduce urban agriculture, and laws to this effect were formalized in the 2000s [15]. This study reveals how a sustainable landscape—which can provide a variety of environmental, social, and economic benefits—was built in traditional Korean houses by examining the palace (the king’s residential space), a private house, and an imaginary garden as envisioned by Joseon Dynasty scholars. The study looks at the current situation and modern South Korean garden culture in relation to global trends such as urban agriculture (productive landscape). The examination may be applicable in South Korea but may have value for places around the world
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