Abstract
The fundamental basis of Spanish citriculture is its varietal composition, which contributes to the existence of a marketing calendar that extends to almost the entire year. As time goes by, the supply of varieties is continuously renewed, requiring significant investments by growers. The guarantee of a quality supply to the markets, on one hand, and the optimal result of the investments made, on the other, require that, in managing the sector, the characteristics determining the survival of the varieties be taken into account. The main purpose of this study was therefore to assess the influence of the attributes affecting the longevity of orange plantations from a technical and commercial point of view. The duration analysis technique applied to the different varieties has been used. The main attributes determining the elimination of a variety were the presence of seeds in the fruit and the tendency towards a decrease in surface size. Permanence- or survival-friendly attributes included the calibre (large size of the variety, within its group) and the price received by farmers. Precocity, frost resistance, commercial quality and resistance to fruit fly did not have the expected level of significance.
Highlights
Spanish citriculture occupies a significant place worldwide because of its production, and because it ranks first among the exporting countries of fruit for fresh consumption, maintaining this global leadership in oranges, mandarin oranges and lemons, with an average of 33%, 55% and 28% respectively in the 1994-2013 period (FAO, 2018)
National citrus fruit production in the 2016-17 season amounted to 7,085,819 tonnes, with oranges accounting for 51.7% of production, followed by mandarin oranges with 33.4%, while lemon production is 13.5% and that of grapefruit only 1.02%
Orange cultivation mainly covers the area between the Region of Valencia and Andalusia, with respectively 49.31% and 41.45% of the national orange tree area; the Region of Murcia is the third-largest region in orange production, with 7,952 hectares, i.e. 5.61%
Summary
Spanish citriculture occupies a significant place worldwide because of its production, and because it ranks first among the exporting countries of fruit for fresh consumption, maintaining this global leadership in oranges, mandarin oranges and lemons, with an average of 33%, 55% and 28% respectively in the 1994-2013 period (FAO, 2018). National citrus fruit production in the 2016-17 season amounted to 7,085,819 tonnes (tn), with oranges accounting for 51.7% of production, followed by mandarin oranges with 33.4%, while lemon production is 13.5% and that of grapefruit only 1.02%. Taking all varieties as a whole, or groups of orange varieties, the navel group stands out which, with a production of 2,705,332 tn in the aforementioned season, accounts for 73.86% of the total for oranges. This is followed by the late varieties, which account for 13.88%; select white varieties for 10.97% and the rest of the groups (common whites and blood oranges) for only 1.29%. Orange cultivation mainly covers the area between the Region of Valencia and Andalusia, with respectively 49.31% and 41.45% of the national orange tree area; the Region of Murcia is the third-largest region in orange production, with 7,952 hectares, i.e. 5.61%
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