Surveys on Exposure to Reptile-Associated Salmonellosis (RAS) in the Piedmont Region-Italy.

Abstract

Simple SummaryReptile-associated salmonellosis (RAS), Salmonella infection (salmonellosis) in humans, is acquired through contact both directly with reptiles and indirectly with their environment. In Italy, like in other countries, reptiles have become popular pet animals, but epidemiological data about RAS are not collected. To fill this gap, surveys to estimate the presence and frequency of RAS and human exposure were carried out in Piedmont, a Northern-Italian region. Two studies were conducted among patients with sporadic salmonellosis (i.e., not linked to foodborne outbreaks): the first, restricted to a big city hospital, showed a prevalence of RAS of 7%, and the second, extending to the population affected by sporadic salmonellosis across all the region, showed a prevalence of 3%. In addition, an ocular survey taken in public places displaying reptiles detailed possible exposure through direct and indirect contact and a questionnaire survey that collected data from the general population, including reptile owners, revealed that preventive measures are not always known or applied. These results confirmed that RAS in Italy is present and constitutes a proportion of the human salmonellosis cases in line with the percentages reported in other countries. People should be more informed about RAS and the related preventive measures.Reptile-associated salmonellosis (RAS), Salmonella infection in humans, is acquired through contact with reptiles. Reptiles have become popular pet animals, and RAS is likely to be an underestimated but growing problem. No epidemiological data about RAS are routinely collected in Italy. In order to estimate the occurrence of RAS in the Italian human population and to investigate the exposure, two epidemiological studies on patients with sporadic salmonellosis were carried out in the Piedmont region, along with an evaluation of human exposure in public places displaying reptiles and with a survey on people awareness. RAS appeared make up 7% of sporadic salmonellosis in the first study and 3% in the second, more extensive study. A prevalence of 11.7% and 5.7%, respectively, were calculated for the age range of 0–21 years. It was observed that in public places displaying reptiles, it was possible to easily come into contact with the animals and their environment. Some knowledge about RAS emerged from the interviews with the general population, but preventive measures are not completely applied by reptile owners. In conclusion, RAS in Italy is present and constitutes a proportion of the human salmonellosis cases in line with the percentages reported in other countries. Exposure to reptiles should always be considered as a risk factor, and people should be more informed about RAS and the related preventive measures.