Abstract
Fault-tolerant vehicle design is an emerging inter-disciplinary research domain, which is of increased importance due to the electrification of automotive systems. The goal of fault-tolerant systems is to handle occuring faults under operational condition and enable the driver to get to a safe stop. This paper presents results from an extended survey on fault-tolerant vehicle design. It aims to provide a holistic view on the fault-tolerant aspects of a vehicular system. An overview of fault-tolerant systems in general and their design premises is given as well as the specific aspects related to automotive applications. The paper highlights recent and prospective development of vehicle motion control with integrated chassis control and passive and active fault-tolerant control. Also, fault detection and diagnosis methods are briefly described. The shift on control level of vehicles will be accompanied by basic structural changes within the network architecture. Control architecture as well as communication protocols and topologies are adapted to comply with the electrified automotive systems. Finally, the role of regulations and international standardization to enable fault-tolerant vehicle design is taken into consideration.
Highlights
In the last two decades, the electrification of automotive chassis systems enable extended functionalities and active safety systems
Recent studies have shown a reduction of single vehicle accidents of about 50% for vehicles equipped with electronic stability control systems (ESC) [1, 2], and thereby highlighting the potential of these systems
Incentives by governments, research foci of vehicle manufacturers and the shortage of natural resources support the prediction from several studies to a widespread adoption of hybrid electric and electric vehicles (HEV) as well as by-wire applications in the coming decades [3,4,5]
Summary
In the last two decades, the electrification of automotive chassis systems enable extended functionalities and active safety systems. Incentives by governments, research foci of vehicle manufacturers and the shortage of natural resources support the prediction from several studies to a widespread adoption of hybrid electric and electric vehicles (HEV) as well as by-wire applications in the coming decades [3,4,5] Both aspects, electrification of chassis and drive train systems, lead to higher degree of over-actuation, and to an increased flexibility of the vehicle behaviour. Quality of mechanical components in electrical machines and electric components for power converters is crucial for dependability of the whole system It shows the need for solutions that can handle these faults. Different vehicle motion and fault-tolerant control approaches are presented in Section 3 as well as a brief overview of fault detection and diagnosis methods. Current and prospective legislation and international standards regarding the fault-tolerant discussion are depicted in Section 5, followed by conclusions
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