Surgical techniques of mesenchymal stimulation of hyaline cartilage reparative chondrogenesis

Abstract

The main direction of surgical treatment of cartilage injuries are the surgeries that create conditions for chondrogenesis stimulation by the method of perforation of subchondral bone plate – osteoperforative methods. The modern osteoperforative method is a microfracturization of the fundus of cartilage defect. The aim. of experimental research was the study of features of clinical course of reparative chondrogenesis on the background of chondromalacia using two osteoperforative methods. Methods. Experimental researches were carried out on 45 sexually mature male rats that underwent modeling of knee joint chondromalacia. There were carried out histological examinations of cartilaginous tissue of the joint. For study of the source of oligopotent cells of mesenchymal nature immunohistochemical research was carried out. Results. The most significant advantages of joint cartilage regeneration were observed at tunnelization to the medullary cavity. The most cells-precursors of chondroblasts were localized on the border of endosteum and medullary cavity. An access of stem cells of mesenchymal nature to an injured cartilage can be ensured by tunnelization to the medullary cavity. Conclusions. Subchondral tunnalization of the defect area in conditions of chondromalacia is less effective that tunnelization of medullary cavity. Arthroscopic surgical technology of the treatment of patients with chondromalacia of articular cartilage was grounded.