Surgical Site Infections in Patients Undergoing Surgeries for Gynecologic Cancers

Abstract

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are infections that occur at the surgery site. They can be superficial or deep, causing various symptoms and complications. SSI is a significant concern in gynecologic cancer surgery due to the nature of the procedures involved, such as hysterectomies. Risk factors for SSI include factors such as immunosuppression, smoking, obesity, and the duration of surgery. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of SSI in gynecologic patients. SSIs have a substantial impact on gynecologic cancer patients, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and health-care costs. Patients with SSIs are more likely to require intensive care and have a higher risk of readmission. The COVID-19 pandemic has also influenced SSI rates. Care bundles are recommended to prevent SSIs and have been effective in various surgical procedures, including gynecologic oncology. These bundles often include standardized protocols such as chlorhexidine skin preparation and the use of antibiotics. Preoperative and postoperative strategies are crucial in preventing SSIs. Preoperative measures involve antibiotics, clippers, and vaginal cleansing. Intraoperative steps, such as skin closure and wound therapy, are also considered. Postoperative strategies include chlorhexidine gluconate soap use. Preventing SSIs in gynecologic cancer surgery requires a multifaceted approach, involving risk factor identification; care bundles; and comprehensive preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative strategies. Ongoing research is essential to better understand SSI pathways and develop effective prevention methods. This article is a scoping review on SSI in gynecologic malignancy surgeries.