Surgical Outcomes in Thyroidectomy for Patients with Graves’ Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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Background: Thyroidectomy is a preferred protocol for patients with Graves’ disease. However, it may be a challenging option in post-surgical management of various factors. There, this study aims to compare the surgical outcomes of total thyroidectomy and subtotal thyroidectomy in patients with Graves’ disease to provide evidence-based surgical decision-making. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at Sheikh Zaid Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, October 2023 to April 2024; enrolled 120 patients diagnosed with Graves’ disease using a simple random sampling technique were assigned to Group A (n=60) and B (n=60) who underwent total thyroidectomy, and subtotal thyroidectomy respectively. Preoperative assessments and surgeries were performed while postoperative outcomes, complications, and thyroid function tests were also monitored and represented using independent t-tests while a p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: It was revealed that operative time was significantly higher for total thyroidectomy than subtotal thyroidectomy 125.60±14.56 and 97.54±12.56 respectively, suggesting significantly lower time consumption in subtotal thyroidectomy procedure (p=0.001). Patients who underwent subtotal thyroidectomy had a significantly shorter hospital stay compared to those who underwent total thyroidectomy (p=0.02). Moreover, levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were significantly different between the two groups. Patients who underwent subtotal thyroidectomy had significantly lower T3 and T4 levels and higher TSH levels compared to those who underwent total thyroidectomy (p<0.05). Conclusion: Subtotal thyroidectomy demonstrated favorable outcomes, including shorter operative time, lower rates of postoperative complications, and thyroid function tests compared to total thyroidectomy. These findings help and support the consideration of subtotal thyroidectomy as a viable surgical approach for patients with Graves' disease. Keywords: Grave Disease, Thyroidectomy, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine.