Abstract
The surfaces of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) have been modified through a chemical infusion process by treatment of the sample with a solution containing varying amounts of titanium (IV) isopropoxide and poly (vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). The resulting sample is modified in the outermost 150–325 micron region while the underlying polymeric material is unchanged. The chemical infusion process, a solvent based surface modification technique, is described in detail along with a study correlating treatment conditions with penetration depth. The treated samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, and neutron activation analysis. These samples were evaluated for blood compatibility using two biological assays: (1) an adherence assay in which the adherence of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes to the samples was determined, and (2) a dynamic hemolysis assay using rat blood erythrocytes to determine the hemolytic activity of the samples. Based on the results of these assays, the PMMA samples treated with PVP alone resulted in an improvement in reactivity with the blood cells in a manner comparable to TecoflexR, a commercially available polymer with relatively benign characteristics.
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