Abstract
The key goal of this study was to characterize surface properties of chosen dental materials on the base on the contact angle measurements and surface free energy calculations. Tested materials were incubated in the simulated oral environment and drinks to estimate an influence of conditions similar to those in the oral cavity on wetting and energetic state of the surface. Types of materials were as follows: denture acrylic resins, composite and PET-G dental retainer to compare basic materials used in a prosthetics, restorative dentistry and orthodontics. The sessile drop method was used to measure the contact angle with the use of several liquids. Values of the surface free energies were estimated based on the Owens–Wendt, van Oss–Chaudhury–Good and Zisman’s methods. The research showed that surface wetting depends on the material composition and storage conditions. The most significance changes of CA were observed for acrylic resins (84.7° ± 3.8° to 65.5° ± 3.5°) and composites (58.8° ± 4.1° to 49.1° ± 5.7°) stored in orange juice, and for retainers (81.9° ± 1.8° to 99.6° ± 4.5°) incubated in the saline solution. An analysis of the critical surface energy showed that acrylic materials are in the zone of good adhesion (values above 40 mJ/m2), while BIS-GMA composites are in the zone of poor adhesion (values below 30 mJ/m2). Study of the surface energy of different dental materials may contribute to the development of the thermodynamic model of bacterial adhesion, based on the surface free energies, and accelerate the investigation of biomaterial interaction in the biological environment.
Highlights
The biomaterial surface plays a key role in interaction between the biomaterial and the biological environment
The increase of the contact angle value was observed for acrylic resin treated with solution of fixing cream and retainer incubated in saline solution and water
This study focused on estimation of adhesive effects based on the surface free energy, critical surface tension and wetting properties of dental materials
Summary
The biomaterial surface plays a key role in interaction between the biomaterial and the biological environment. Surface of the teeth and dental materials are subjected to the phenomena of adhesion and removal of plaque [1,2]. The factors which influence bacterial adhesion are critical and revealed by many studies. Bacterial adhesion cannot be described by one general mechanism [4]. The physicochemical mechanisms of bacterial adhesion involve a thermodynamic model based on the interfacial free energies of liquids and interacting surfaces. The classical Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, Overbeek (DLVO) theory explains bacterial adhesion as the effect of Lifshitz–Van der Waals, acid–base and electrostatic interactions [3,4]. Numerous factors regarding materials have been identified to influence an oral biofilm formation such as a surface roughness, surface free energy and surface chemical composition [3,4,5,6]
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