Abstract
The surface tensions have been determined by capillary rise for the liquid phase of certain long-chain carboxylates of lead(II), zinc(II) and cadmium(II) at 400 K. The validity of the method has been checked in one case using the ring method. The magnitudes of the surface tensions are comparable to those of short chain-length aliphatic hydrocarbons, and are very much lower than those of molten inorganic salts, suggesting that the surface behaviour is dominated by the hydrocarbon chains. Surface tensions appear to increase slightly with chain length, and are higher in zinc elaidate and oleate than in zinc stearate, indicating the importance of unsaturation. Surface tensions for cadmium soaps are somewhat lower than those of lead and zinc, possibly due to the different aggregates present in the melts. Parachors have been calculated using surface tension and molar volume data, and are found to be consistently lower than those predicted from atomic parachor parameters. Similar behaviour has previously been noted with many metal organic systems. Parachors of lead and zinc soaps are found to be linear functions of chain length, and the contribution to the parachor by the hydrophilic portion of the amphiphile is closer to the theoretical value for zinc(II) than lead(II), possibly due to the more covalent character of zinc(II) soaps.
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