Abstract
We have demonstrated a low temperature surface spin-glass layer in the ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ high-pressed nanocompacts. The related core-shell magnetic structure arises during the compaction, which is evident by the field dependence of the freezing temperature following the de Almeida--Thouless relationship and obvious exchange bias effect. Moreover, we have also found a critical cooling field, above which both the surface spin-glass behavior and the exchange bias effect abruptly disappeared.
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