Abstract
This study investigated the effect of modification with xylan on the surface properties of chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP) from spruce. The surface modifications were carried out by controlled sorption of birch xylan from solution at high temperature and high pH. Several different analysis techniques were used to study the effects on fiber surface composition and morphology. The ESCA technique showed a reduction in the amount of carbons not bound to oxygen in the C(1s) resolved peak after treatment. Variations in surface topography between untreated samples and samples with xylan were studied with SEM and AFM in the tapping mode. Scanning electron micrographs show micrometersized xylan particle structures spread over the fiber surfaces. AFM images reveal differences in the fine structure of fibers. The modified fibers exhibit a nanometersized, bumplike morphology not seen on the untreated fibers. The wetting properties of single fibers were determined with the Wilhelmy plate technique and the water sorption of CTMP paper sheets was studied using a dynamic contactangle tester. The surface modification of CTMP with xylan significantly decreased the advancing contact angle of single fibers and also improved the water sorption of sheets.
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