Surface-oxygen vacancy defect-promoted electron-hole separation of defective tungsten trioxide ultrathin nanosheets and their enhanced solar-driven photocatalytic performance

Abstract

Defective WO3 ultrathin surface-engineered nanosheets are fabricated by a solvothermal and low-temperature surface hydrogenation reduction strategy. The obtained defective WO3 ultrathin nanosheets with thicknesses of ∼4 nm possess a relatively large surface area of ∼25 m2 g−1. After surface engineering, the bandgap is narrowed to ∼2.48 eV due to the presence of surface oxygen vacancies, which further enhance the visible light absorption. The defective WO3 ultrathin nanosheets exhibit excellent solar-driven photocatalytic degradation performance for the complete degradation of the highly-toxic metribuzin herbicide (∼100%). The first-order rate constant (k) of the defective WO3 ultrathin nanosheets is ∼3 times higher than that of the pristine one. This can be ascribed to the formation of suitable surface-oxygen vacancy defects that promote the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, and the two-dimensional ultrathin structure facilitating the surface engineering as well as furnishing a large number of surface active sites. Moreover, the defective WO3 ultrathin nanosheets exhibit high stability because the photocatalytic activity remains almost unchanged after 10 cycles, making them favorable for practical applications. This work offers new insights into the fabrication of other high-performance ultrathin nanosheet oxide photocatalysts for environmental applications.