Abstract
AbstractThe proposed ultrathin polyelectrolyte nanoreservoir (UPN) was fabricated in two combinations by alternate layering of polyelectrolytes poly (allylamine hydrochloride) along with sodium poly (styrene sulfonate) (PAH/PSS)5 and sodium alginate (PAH/SA)5 using porous calcium carbonate as a template using layer-by-layer adsorption technique with the subsequent template removal at low pH. We studied the possibility whether remnant intact nanoreservoir could be suited for encapsulation as well as delivery vehicle for protein such as bovine serum albumin as a model. To tune biocompatibility with biological cells the assembled surface was modified using pluronic (F-68) by adsorption and possible hydrophobic interaction. The prepared system was characterized for surface morphology, size and size distribution, surface charge, layer-by-layer growth due to sequential adsorption and surface modification. The experimental data obtained by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) provide evidence for the stepwise surface modification of the films. Further the system was investigated for payload efficiency of proteins, in-vitro release profile, integrity of proteins, cell adhesion and viability against biological cells (murine macrophages cell line J774.1). In both formulations polyelectrolyte composition lead to smooth and spherical nanomatrix, with payload of approx. 72±6% of proteins. Both the systems exhibited biphasic release profile with initial burst release followed by controlled release with overall release of 43.63±4.8% and 44±5.76% in 48h for formulation prepared by combination of (PAH/PSS)5 and (PAH/SA)5 respectively. There was a marked reduction in cell adhesion and improvement in viability upon surface modification. In a nutshell, the proposed system could successfully be used for the delivery of proteins and moreover the system can be tailored to impart desired properties at any stage of layering especially in terms of drug release and to retain the integrity of proteins.
Highlights
Most of the colloidal polymeric systems based on synthetic and natural polyelectrolyte has been investigated by layer-by-layer self assembly technique for microencapsulation and controlled release of macromolecules using different templates with size ranging from nanometer to tens of microns, such as organic and colloidal particles, protein aggregates, biological cells and drug nano or microcrystals
The nanoreservoir are promising carrier for proteins since structural integrity of protein was not significantly affected by the entrapment procedure or any harsh conditions or the type of polymers used in the study
Surface modification renders the capsule more biocompatible compared to plane capsules
Summary
Most of the colloidal polymeric systems based on synthetic and natural polyelectrolyte has been investigated by layer-by-layer self assembly technique for microencapsulation and controlled release of macromolecules using different templates with size ranging from nanometer to tens of microns, such as organic and colloidal particles, protein aggregates, biological cells and drug nano or microcrystals. System has been prepared by the sequential deposition of the oppositely charged polyelectrolyte using the phenomenon of electrostatic interaction between each other. Most of the colloidal templates can be decomposed at conditions where polymeric matrix is stable, which leads to the formation of hollow polyelectrolyte capsules with defined size, shape and shell thickness. Encapsulation of macromolecules, proteins, and other biotherapeutics into developed systems is of great interest for pharmaceutics and biotechnology due to its capability to use such systems as micro and nanocontainers for controlled drug delivery
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