Abstract
Combining diagnosis with therapy, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (INOPs) act as an important vehicle for drug delivery. However, poor biocompatibility of INOPs limits their application. To improve the shortcomings, various surface modifications have been developed, including small molecules coatings, polymers coatings, lipid coatings and lipopolymer coatings. These surface modifications facilitate iron nanoparticles to cross the blood-brain-barrier, which is essential for diagnosis and treatments of brain diseases. Here we focus on the characteristics of different coated INOPs and their application in brain disease, particularly gliomas, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Moreover, we summarize the current progress and expect to provide help for future researches.
Highlights
Magnetic nanoparticles have drawn worldwide attention for their nanoscale physicochemical properties, especially in theranostics [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
Dox, combretastatin A4 (CA4), and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) were combined through pH-sensitive poly (β-amino ester) (PAE), hypoxic-response azobenzene (AZO) and hydrophobic interaction together with IONPs delivered in the core of distearyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE)-PEG and PAE constituted micelle to release in order
Conclusions and Prospection like gene, protein, chemical drugs to achieve multi-drug cooperation therapy; (2) deliver drugs to target sites to increase drug concentration in disease site; (3) release loaded drugs according to various stimuli conditions of disease site
Summary
Magnetic nanoparticles have drawn worldwide attention for their nanoscale physicochemical properties, especially in theranostics [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Magnetic nanoparticles have a pivotal role in the field of medicine [9,10,11,12,13]. There have been two generations of iron contrast agents (CAs) for MRI, the first one has diagnostic capability only while the new one, combining diagnosis with therapy, has multiple functions. The new one loaded with therapeutic agents after surface coating to facilitate MRI guided drug delivery, gene delivery, photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT) or magnetic hyperthermia has gained attention [16] (Figure 1). By grafting biorecognition molecules (ligands) onto the surface of nanoparticles, active targeted therapy expands the application of new-generation CAs [17,18]. Hbrearien tdhieseraesveise.wHseurme mthaerirzeevsietwhe asupmplmicaartiiozens tohfeIaNpOplPicsatiinoncoefreINbrOalPsthinercaenreobstriaclst,hperaarntiocsutliacsr,lypairnticgulliaorblylaisntogmlioablmasutoltmifoarmmuelt(iGfoBrmMe), (AGlBzhMe)im, Aelrz’sheDimiseears’seDanisdeaPsaeraknindsoPnar’skidnissoenas’se.disease
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