Abstract
We have studied, both for the Kronig-Penney model and in general terms, the charge disturbance induced in a filled band of electrons by a solid surface. The existence of surface-charge quantization in a filled band is demonstrated and a division of energy bands into two types is made on this basis. The complementary role that surface state and band charge disturbances play in minimizing the total charge disturbance produced by the surface has been discussed and their respective dependence on bulk and surface parameters illustrated. In this connection the special character of midgap surface states and their relevance to self-consistent calculations has been established.
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