Abstract
Abstract : An investigation was made of the various factors operative in the displacement by organic liquid compounds of a bulk layer of any nonaqueous liquid from a solid surface. Although the solid surfaces used in the experiments were SAE 1020 steel and borosilicate glass, the results are readily applied to any solids. The nonaqueous pure liquids displaced were selected to cover the surface tension range and included n-hexadecane, ar-dibromoethylbenzene, tris8esyl phosphate, and propylene carbonate. A large number of well-defined displacing agents were investigated, of which the most efficient proved to be those where an optimum balance could be achieved between low surface tension, high equilibrium spreading pressure, and good solubility with respect to the organic substrate to be removed. Agents which were particularly effective for long-lasting or permanent displacement were certain classes of highly fluorinated organic compounds and lowmolecular-weight dimethyl silicones. Low-surface-tension polar hydrocarbons, such as n-alkanols, were effective for temporary displacement. The several mechanisms operative in liquid-liquid displacement from solid surfaces were investigated. It was shown that these results and generalizations include our earlier results on water displacement as a special (and extreme) case. (Author)
Published Version
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