Abstract
Intense ps laser radiation is used to photoionize sputtered atoms and molecules ∼ 1 mm above solid surfaces by nonresonant multiphoton ionization (NRMPI), followed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. At intensities ≈ 1 x 10 14 W/cm 2 even red light at 650 nm can completely photoionize (saturate) elements having a high ionization potential (IP), such as atomic O and Ar, as well as elements of lower ionization potential. The ability to efficiently ionize all these elements translate into uniform and high detection sensitivities, and the ability to quantify elements over a great range of ionization potentials.
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