Supraorbital Foramina and Supraorbital Notches in Unknown Dry Human Skulls- A Review of Literatures

Santosh Kumar Nirala,Li Keming,Yinkuan Meng,Li Jiahui,Tang Hanqing,Bodh Bikram Karki

doi:10.37080/nmj.163

Abstract

In craniofacial surgery and supraorbital nerve block, the anatomy of the supraorbital region is crucial. Injury to the supraorbital neurovascular bundle is a frequent complication during the anterior orbital approach, blepharoplasty, fronto-glabellar reconstruction flap, and in the supraorbital nerve blocks during treatment of maxillofacial wounds and treatment of migraine. However, there are a lot of variations of supraorbital foramina and notches among different groups of populations of various races. Morphometric analysis of supraorbital foramina and notches have been carried out on unknown dry adult human skulls by authors. In these studies, two planes have been made use of, namely sagittal and transverse planes of the skulls along with vertical & horizontal dimensions. In addition, the positions of notches and foramina in relation to midline as well as frontozygomatic sutures were also measured. Various combinations of the presence or absence of supraorbital foramina and notches were also noted. The study on supraorbital foramina and notches has profound anthropological importance, anesthetics importance, and surgical importance. Various studies' findings and conclusions on notches and foramina are being considered for the study of review articles

Highlights

Good’s Syndrome (GS) or thymoma with immunodeficiency is a rare clinical entity first described by Dr Robert Good in 1954.1,2 Thymomas are slow growing relatively uncommon tumours associated with myasthenia gravis, autoimmune disorders and other chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency and coronary artery disease.[2]
We report a rare case of Good’s Syndrome (GS) or thymoma with immunodeficiency in a 48-year-old male patient
GS should be suspected in a person presenting with recurrent bacterial infections with encapsulated organisms and opportunistic viral and fungal infections in the setting of thymoma, hypogammaglobulinemia and reduced or absent B cells

Summary

Introduction

GS or thymoma with immunodeficiency is a rare clinical entity first described by Dr Robert Good in 1954.1,2 Thymomas are slow growing relatively uncommon tumours associated with myasthenia gravis, autoimmune disorders and other chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency and coronary artery disease.[2].

Results

Conclusion