Abstract

ObjectivesThe present study was designed to investigate the microbial profiles of teeth in different locations in mixed-dentition-stage children, and to compare the microbiomes of permanent and deciduous teeth in the same healthy oral cavity.MethodsSupragingival plaque samples of teeth in various locations—the first permanent molars, deciduous molars, deciduous canines and incisors and permanent incisors—were collected from 20 healthy mixed-dentition-stage children with 10–12 permanent teeth erupted. Plaque DNA was extracted, and the V3–V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified and subjected to sequencing.ResultsOn average, 18,051 high-quality sequences per sample were generated. Permanent tooth sites tended to host more diverse bacterial communities than those of deciduous tooth sites. A total of 12 phyla, 21 classes, 38 orders, 66 families, 74 genera were detected ultimately. Five predominant phyla (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria) were highly variable among sites. Of 26 genera with a mean relative abundance of >0.1%, 16 showed significant differences in relative abundance among the groups. More than 20% of the total operational taxonomical units were detected only in permanent or deciduous teeth. The variation in the microbial community composition was due mainly to permanent teeth being enriched in Actinomyces and deciduous teeth in Treponema. The core microbiome of supragingival plaque in mixed dentition comprised 19 genera with complex correlationships.ConclusionOur results suggest differences in microbial diversity and composition between permanent and deciduous teeth sites in mixed dentition. Moreover, the core microbiome of these sites was determined. These findings enhance our understanding of the development of the native oral microbiota with age.

Highlights

  • The oral cavity is heavily colonized by >700 species of microorganisms [1]

  • More than 20% of the total operational taxonomical units were detected only in permanent or deciduous teeth

  • Our results suggest differences in microbial diversity and composition between permanent and deciduous teeth sites in mixed dentition

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Summary

Introduction

The oral cavity is heavily colonized by >700 species of microorganisms [1]. These microorganisms play a vital role in oral health and disease, especially in caries and periodontal diseases [2]. It is necessary to investigate the microbial community in healthy individuals to gain a better understanding of the impact of the microbiota on oral diseases. Crielaard et al [4] detected significant differences in the oral microbiome among children at various age stages by high-throughput sequencing. These studies suggested age-driven maturation of the oral microbiome. The mechanisms underlying this age-driven maturation remain unclear

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