Supplementation of Hermetia illucens Larvae in Poultry By-Product Meal-Based Barramundi, Lates calcarifer Diets Improves Adipocyte Cell Size, Skin Barrier Functions, and Immune Responses.

Md Reaz Chaklader,Janet Howieson,Muhammad A B Siddik,Ravi Fotedar

doi:10.3389/fnut.2020.613158

Md Reaz Chaklader, Janet Howieson + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.613158

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Abstract

A 6-week feeding trial was performed to examine the effects of supplementing Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae meal when fishmeal (FM) was replaced with poultry by-product meal (PBM) in juvenile barramundi, Lates calcarifer diet. The effect was evaluated in terms of barramundi growth, filet quality, internal tissue structure, serum biochemistry, skin neutral mucins, immune response, and resistance to Vibrio harveyi. Three isonitrogenous (48% crude protein) and isolipidic (18% crude lipid) diets: an FM-based diet (control) and two diets containing 60 and 75% of PBM supplemented with 10% HI larvae (60PBM + HI and 75PBM + HI) were formulated. A total of 225 barramundi, with an average weight of 15.87 ± 0.14 g, were randomly distributed into nine tanks, each holding 25 fish. There were no significant effects of test diets on growth, but feeding HI-supplemented PBM diets significantly increased the survival rate. A significantly reduced intraperitoneal fat index in HI-supplemented-PBM-fed fish was correlated to a decreased size of peritoneal adipocytes. The observation of no histopathological alteration of the liver in the HI-supplemented-PBM-fed fish was further supported by significant alterations in serum biochemistry, in particular, a decreasing tendency of alanine transaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and total bilirubin. A 14-day challenge with V. harveyi indicated that HI-supplemented PBM diets reduced the infection rate in barramundi. After 24 h of infection, increased serum (lysozyme) and skin barrier functions, down-regulation of interleukin-1beta, and upregulation of interleukin-10 were found in HI-supplemented-PBM-fed fish.

Highlights

Insects are the prey of many carnivorous and omnivorous fish in their natural environment [1] and could be a nutritionally suitable and potential source of sustainable alternative animal protein ingredients for aquacultured species
The intraperitoneal fat index (IFI) decreased significantly in 60PBM + Hermetia illucens (HI)- and 75PBM + HI-fed groups when compared with the control (Figure 1I)
Our research demonstrates that feeding juvenile barramundi with poultry byproduct meal (PBM) and HI-larvae-supplemented diets for 6 weeks resulted in no significant impact on growth performances, biometry indices, and the integrity of liver, heart, and muscle

Summary

Introduction

Insects are the prey of many carnivorous and omnivorous fish in their natural environment [1] and could be a nutritionally suitable and potential source of sustainable alternative animal protein ingredients for aquacultured species. Insect larvae belonging to the Diptera family contain essential amino acid compositions that are similar to fishmeal (FM) [1]. Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae of the Diptera family, commonly known as black soldier fly, have begun to play an important role in aquafeed production. HI larvae are characterized by the presence of chitin and high levels of medium-chain fatty acids, especially lauric acid (C12:0) [8]. Complete HI larvae as a supplement could provide a crucial value-added role in the diet of aquaculture species, especially for carnivorous fish

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