Abstract
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a major floricultural crop, cultivated widely for cut flowers. This study was conducted to determine the optimal supplementary light source for the cutting propagation of carnation ‘Dreambyul’ cuttings. Terminal cuttings were propagated in a glasshouse with an average of 260 µmol·m−2·s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) coming from the sun (the control), supplemented with one of three artificial light sources: mixed (red: blue: white = 6:1:1) light-emitting diodes (LED-mix), metal halide (MH) lamps, or high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps. The supplementary light was provided from 7:00 to 17:00 h at 100 µmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD during propagation. The cuttings were kept on a fogged bench in a glasshouse for 25 days with 24/15 °C day/night temperatures and 88% relative humidity. Compared with the control, better root formation was observed from cuttings grown under the supplementary lights after 10 days. After 25 days of propagation, MH significantly increased the root length, root number, root fresh and dry weights, and shoot biomass, shoot length, and shoot fresh and dry weights. The best root ball formation and the highest root activities were also found in cuttings propagated with supplementary MH light. Supplementary light increased the plant temperature, quantum yield, stomatal conductance, and the contents of chlorophyll, soluble proteins, and carbohydrates. Overall, the root formation and development of carnation ‘Dreambyul’ cuttings were significantly promoted by the three supplementary light sources. Of the three, MH was identified as the optimal supplementary light source.
Highlights
The economic value of ornamental plants has increased significantly worldwide, by 8–10%annually [1]
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs)-mix consisted of a mixture of red, blue, and white lights that occupy a narrow spectrum with two peaks at 434 and 662 nm (Figure 1A)
The metal halide (MH) lamps white in appearance and strong emission lines were largely dispersed in all ranges with about 32.7 and were white in appearance and strong emission lines were largely dispersed in all ranges with about
Summary
The economic value of ornamental plants has increased significantly worldwide, by 8–10%annually [1]. The economic value of ornamental plants has increased significantly worldwide, by 8–10%. The most sought-after species in the global market is carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.), due to its excellent characteristics [2]. Carnations in the Korean market have a wide range of attractive shapes, colors, sizes, and delicate fragrances [4]. Vegetative propagation is common and rapid for several ornamental plant species. It retains the genetic traits of stock plants by creating clones with the same characteristics [5]. Efficient adventitious rooting is a key process in the vegetative propagation of horticultural species. Several studies have investigated internal and external factors that affect
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