Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus Bunge and Codonopsis lanceolata Benth. et Hook. f. are two medicinal species used to remedy inflammation, tumor, and obesity in Eastern medicine. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and supplemental lighting are two methods to enhance the growth, yield, and quality of crops. However, few studies have focused on the synergistic effects of CO2 and the supplemental light source on plug seedlings of medicinal species. In this study, uniform seedlings were grown with no supplemental light (the control) or under one of three supplemental light sources [high pressure sodium (HPS), metal halide (MH), or mixed light-emitting diodes (LEDs)] combined with one of three levels of CO2 (350, 700, or 1050 μmol·mol−1). The supplemental light (100 μmol·m−2·s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density) and CO2 were provided simultaneously from 10:00 pm to 2:00 am every day. The results showed that the supplemental lighting (LEDs, MH, and HPS) greatly improved the seedling quality with greater dry weights (of the shoot, root, and leaf), stem diameter, leaf area, and Dickson’s quality index (DQI) than those of the control in both species. An enriched CO2 at 1050 μmol·mol−1 accelerated the growth and development of plug seedlings, evidenced by the increased root and leaf dry weights, stem diameter, and DQI compared to the those from the other two CO2 enrichment levels. Moreover, LEDs combined with 1050 μmol·mol−1 CO2 not only increased the contents of soluble sugars but also the starch content. However, an enriched CO2 at 700 μmol·mol−1 was more suitable for the accumulation of total phenols and flavonoids. Furthermore, LEDs combined with 700 or 1050 μmol·mol−1 CO2 increased the chlorophyll, quantum yield, and stomatal conductance at daytime and nighttime for A. membranaceus and C. lanceolata, respectively. In conclusion, the data suggest that LEDs combined with CO2 at 1050 μmol·mol−1 is recommended for enhancing the growth and development of plug seedlings of A. membranaceus and C. lanceolata.
Highlights
Astragalus membranaceus Bunge and Codonopsis lanceolata Benth. et Hook. f. are two important medicinal herbs, mainly distributed in Asian countries, especially in Korea, China, and Japan [1,2].In ancient China, those two species were used as the medicinal material for treating physiological disorders and illnesses, including inflammation, tumor, and obesity [3,4]
The data suggest that light-emitting diodes (LEDs) combined with CO2 at 1050 μmol·mol−1 is recommended for enhancing the growth and development of plug seedlings of A. membranaceus and C. lanceolata
Plants grown with supplemental lighting had significantly higher shoot and root dry weights, stem diameter, leaf area, and Dickson’s quality index (DQI), in comparison with plants grown without supplemental lighting (Figure 1, Tables 1 and 2)
Summary
Astragalus membranaceus Bunge and Codonopsis lanceolata Benth. et Hook. f. are two important medicinal herbs, mainly distributed in Asian countries, especially in Korea, China, and Japan [1,2].In ancient China, those two species were used as the medicinal material for treating physiological disorders and illnesses, including inflammation, tumor, and obesity [3,4]. Astragalus membranaceus Bunge and Codonopsis lanceolata Benth. F. are two important medicinal herbs, mainly distributed in Asian countries, especially in Korea, China, and Japan [1,2]. In ancient China, those two species were used as the medicinal material for treating physiological disorders and illnesses, including inflammation, tumor, and obesity [3,4]. Agronomy 2019, 9, 715 values, C. lanceolata has been a high-class vegetable consumed in Asian countries, especially in ancient. More and more phytochemicals with positive effects on remedying diseases have been found in these two species [7,8]. Most studies have focused on the separation, extraction, and characteristics of the phytochemicals in A. membranaceus and C. lanceolata. Not much research has focused on the cultivation of those two species to obtain high-quality plug seedlings in a glasshouse
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