Abstract
Hemostatic materials are of great importance in medicine. However, their successful implementation is still challenging as it depends on two, often counteracting, attributes; achieving blood coagulation rapidly, before significant blood loss, and enabling subsequent facile wound-dressing removal, without clot tears and secondary bleeding. Here we illustrate an approach for achieving hemostasis, rationally targeting both attributes, via a superhydrophobic surface with immobilized carbon nanofibers (CNFs). We find that CNFs promote quick fibrin growth and cause rapid clotting, and due to their superhydrophobic nature they severely limit blood wetting to prevent blood loss and drastically reduce bacteria attachment. Furthermore, minimal contact between the clot and the superhydrophobic CNF surface yields an unforced clot detachment after clot shrinkage. All these important attributes are verified in vitro and in vivo with rat experiments. Our work thereby demonstrates that this strategy for designing hemostatic patch materials has great potential.
Highlights
Hemostatic materials are of great importance in medicine
The carbon nanofibers (CNFs)/PTFE Ti surface had a water contact angle (WCA) of 162.1 ± 2.9° and a water roll-off angle (WRA) of about 1°, and the CNF/PDMS Ti surface had a WCA of 154.9 ± 0.6° and a WRA of about 4° (Fig. 1a and Supplementary Fig. 1a)
We have developed and demonstrated a strategy for the design of wound-dressing materials featuring both rapid coagulation and facile clot removal, based on superhydrophobicity imparted by surface-immobilized CNFs
Summary
Hemostatic materials are of great importance in medicine. their successful implementation is still challenging as it depends on two, often counteracting, attributes; achieving blood coagulation rapidly, before significant blood loss, and enabling subsequent facile wound-dressing removal, without clot tears and secondary bleeding. This makes it difficult to replace the old wound dressing without causing secondary infections or hemorrhage, in procedures ranging from common wounds to surgery, and to the extreme case of hemophilic patients[12], where excessive bleeding will occur before coagulation To deal with these problems, active clotting agents (chitosan[3] or kaolin7) have been adopted into hemostatic materials, to reduce bleeding by expediting the coagulation process. Due to the presence of micro-air pockets within the blood–substrate contact area, there is minimal contact between the clot and the SHP CNF patch, leading to natural clot detachment after clot maturation and shrinkage, which reduces the peeling tension required to peel off the patch by about 1~2 orders of magnitude compared with a normal hydrophilic gauze or commercial hemostatic products These features have been verified in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating the effectiveness of this strategy for designing hemostatic patch materials
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