Abstract
This study was primarily focused on the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of cherry seed oil and the optimization of the process using sequential extraction kinetics modeling and artificial neural networks (ANN). The SFE study was organized according to Box-Behnken design of experiment, with additional runs. Pressure, temperature and flow rate were chosen as independent variables. Five well known empirical kinetic models and three mass-transfer kinetics models based on the Sovová’s solution of SFE equations were successfully applied for kinetics modeling. The developed mass-transfer models exhibited better fit of experimental data, according to the calculated statistical tests (R2, SSE and AARD). The initial slope of the SFE curve was evaluated as an output variable in the ANN optimization. The obtained results suggested that it is advisable to lead SFE process at an increased pressure and CO2 flow rate with lower temperature and particle size values to reach a maximal initial slope.
Highlights
The food industry is known for generating large amounts of food waste, which stands for an available and cheap resource of high-value compounds beneficial for human health [1]
The tendencies in research are moving towards the replacement of conventional extraction techniques by novel approaches in order to decrease environmental pollution related to organic solvents by using green solvents, such as water, glycerol, vegetable oils, supercritical fluids and ionic liquids [7] and natural deep eutectic solvents
The properties of plant matrix, such as morphology, herbal part, water content, shape and porosity can be useful to model the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process, but the most influential parameters stated in the literature are pressure, temperature, solvent flow rate and target compound solubility [45]
Summary
The food industry is known for generating large amounts of food waste, which stands for an available and cheap resource of high-value compounds beneficial for human health [1]. Fruit by-products have been studied in recent years with a focus on industrial utilization and optimization of extraction parameters for yield enhancement of bioactive components and obtainment of high-value extracts, which can later be used in food products [2]. SFE is advantageous for the extraction of particular compounds that are soluble in supercritical CO2 , due to its polarity that is very similar to toluene. In this way, the extraction of lipophilic active compounds is greatly eased [1,11]
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