Supercritical fluid extraction and clean-up of organochlorine pesticides in Chinese herbal medicine

Abstract

A method involving the simultaneous extraction and clean-up of 13 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) was developed using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) followed by gas chromatography–electron capture detection and mass spectrometric confirmation. The pesticides in the study consisted of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-benzene hexachloride, heptachlor, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan I, 4,4′-DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis( p-chlorophenyl)ethene), dieldrin, endrin, 4,4′-DDD (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis( p-chlorophenyl)ethane), endosulfan II, 4,4′-DDT (2,2-bis( p-chlorophenyl)1,1,1-trichloroethane), endrin aldehyde, and endosulfan sulfate. A series of experiments was conducted to optimize the final extraction conditions [pure CO 2, 250 atm extraction pressure (1 atm=101 325 Pa), 50°C extraction temperature, 5 min static extraction time, 20 min dynamic extraction time, 2.0-g Florisil sorbent on top of 0.1-g samples, 12-ml n-hexane eluting at 1 ml/min, and a 10-ml extraction vessel]. Florisil sorbent was placed with the sample in the SFE vessel to provide a facile and effective clean-up approach. Mean recoveries of 78–121% with reproducibilities of 5–31% were obtained for the pesticides except for endosulfan II, endosulfan sulfate and endrin aldehyde. The simple and rapid method may be used to determine OCPs in CHMs routinely, and in fact, was used to analyze CHMs sold in Taiwan.