Superconducting Josephson arrayed vortices for high transition temperature superconductors (HTSCs)

Abstract

The pinning of the charge-density-wave (CDW) is known to hinder superconductivity, which can essentially be resolved by Josephson tunneling between the nearest vortices in which pinned CDWs are confined within a quantum well. Sliding CDWs with superconducting Josephson tunneling, or Fröhlich CDW superconductivity, can only take place if the mean distance between the vortices is less than one wavelength of the CDW. The observed charge of 2e of the carriers can be satisfied only by the integration of the charge density in the CDW. The pinning energy of the CDW corresponds to a pseudo-gap in high-temperature superconductivity.