Abstract
The superabsorbent hydrogels (SAHs) are 3D polymer networks having hydrophilic nature, which can swell, absorb, and hold incredible amount of water in aqueous medium showing better sorption ability. The sorption ability enables SAH to absorb organic pollutants, dyes, and heavy metal ions (HMI) from wastewater. Therefore, SAHs have recently got considerable interest from the researchers to be used for wastewater treatment. In order to know the swelling property and to understand the wastewater treatment in general and heavy metal ion removal from industrial effluent in particular, this chapter describes the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater in details. Thus this chapter will enable us to understand the theoretical and experimental part regarding the removal of heavy metal ions by SAH from wastewater. It also highlights the parameters of adsorption process such as effect of initial concentration of heavy metal ions, effect of external stimuli (pH), effect of temperature on the removal of heavy metal ions, and dosage studies. The synthesis of SAH and its use for removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater as well as recycling, selectivity, and effectiveness are also discussed in detail.
Highlights
IntroductionIndustrial waste, and effluents has direct impact on water bodies and causes water pollution
Recent advancement in industrialization, industrial waste, and effluents has direct impact on water bodies and causes water pollution
The removal of these organic pollutants and heavy metal ions from the polluted water is a challenging task for researchers, as most of the industries lack the technology and facilities to treat the wastewater before entering into the main streams
Summary
Industrial waste, and effluents has direct impact on water bodies and causes water pollution. The removal of these organic pollutants and heavy metal ions from the polluted water is a challenging task for researchers, as most of the industries lack the technology and facilities to treat the wastewater before entering into the main streams For this purpose various chemical, physical, and biological methods were used for wastewater treatment which includes filtration [6], advanced oxidation [7, 8], flocculation and coagulation [9], catalysis [10–13], photo and chemical degradation [14, 15], and adsorption [16]. The ionic groups like sulfonic (▬SO3H), amines (▬NH2), carboxyl (▬COOH), and hydroxyl (▬OH) [23] within the network are responsible for the swelling of polymer networks by undergoing ionization It generates the electrostatic repulsions and increases the osmotic pressure within the polymer network and increases the size of SAHs. taking the advantage of this swelling ability, SAHs can be successfully applied for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater.
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