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Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between sun protection factor (SPF) and the content of phenol and flavonoid and antioxidant activity.
 Methods: Different parts of 9 medicinal plants were extracted with methanol using three extraction methods (percolation, Soxhlet and ultrasonically assisted extraction) to obtain 42 crude extracts. Their phenol and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, aluminum chloride method and DPPH radical-scavenging activity, respectively. The SPF values were determined and correlated with the phenol and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activities.
 Results: The phenol and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities ranged from 54.16-688.97mg GAE/g, 13.38-146.60 mg QE/g and 9.5-1472.4 µg/mL, respectively while the SPFs were between 0.067 and 0.841. The highest SPF was related to Cucumis melo L. ultrasonically assisted leaf extract (0.841) and Artemisia absinthium L., aerial parts extracted with percolation method (0.717). A significant correlation was found between SPF and phenolic (p= 0.003) and flavonoid contents (p= 0.023).
 Conclusion: This study showed a correlation between SPF and phenolic and flavonoid contents. Ultrasonically assisted extract of C. melo leaf has suitable SPF and can be used in sun screen formulations.
Highlights
About one million people are diagnosed with skin cancer every year [1]
Best result was that of S. ebulus flower extract obtained by percolation method (IC50 = 9.5 ± 0.9 μg/mL)
S. ebulus flower extract, O. orientalis aerial part extract (prepared using ultra sonication, (IC50 = 17.9 ± 0.8 μg/mL), A. julibrissin leaf extract and S. nigra leaf extract showed satisfactory degrees of antioxidant activity. These extracts all had a good antioxidant activity compared to the positive controls, vitamin C (IC50 = 3.7 ± 0.1 μg/mL) and butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA) (IC50 = 29.3 ± 5.9 μg/mL)
Summary
About one million people are diagnosed with skin cancer every year [1]. Exposure to solar radiation has negative effects on the skin [2]. Ultraviolet light is mainly responsible for skin damage [1]. Sunscreens absorb or block UV rays of sunlight. There is some information regarding possible adverse reaction by synthetic sun-screen products [3]. There is little published data describing the use of herbal sunscreens and their sun protection factor (SPF) [4]
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