Abstract

AbstractSulfate is an inert molecule that must be chemically activated before it can be involved in biochemical pathways. This article deals with biological sulfate activation via adenylylation. The activation of inorganic sulfate involves the formation of a “high energy” phosphosulfate anhydride bond in adenosine‐5′‐phosphosulfate (APS) and is catalyzed by the enzyme ATP sulfurylase. A consecutive step, catalyzed by APS kinase, produces another form of activated sulfate: 3′‐phosphoadenosine 5′‐phosphosulfate (PAPS). APS and PAPS are used in the formation of the thiol groups of sulfur containing amino acids and their derivatives, as well as specialized sulfur compounds, and also have other diverse functions.

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