Abstract
Abstract Background There has been a decrease in male fertility in recent years. During the same period, there were important dietary changes, including an increase in sugar-sweetened beverage intake (SSB). The relation between SSB and male reproduction functions in humans are barely described in the literature. Methods Cross-sectional study with 209 participants (18-23 years old) recruited during one year in Murcia, Spain. All men provided semen and blood sample the same day. SSB consumption was evaluated using a 101-item validated food frequency questionnaire. Reproductive hormones were analyzed from serum samples, obtaining levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), inhibin B, luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T). The evaluation of semen analysis consisted of seminal volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, percentage of morphologically normal sperm and percentage of motile sperm. SSB intake association with semen parameters and hormone levels were examined using linear regression, adjusting for possible confounders. Results Men in the highest quartile of the SSB intake had higher percentage of morphologically normal sperm, 37,4% [6.1, 68.3] than men in the lowest quartile (P, trend= 0.047) and higher estradiol levels than those in the first quartile (9,5% [-3.5, 22.5] (P, trend=0.047)). SSB intake was unrelated to other semen quality parameters or reproductive hormone levels. Conclusions Our results indicate that sperm morphology and estradiol levels may be associated with sugar-sweetened beverage intake. These findings might be explained by physiological metabolism homeostasis, though more studies are required to confirm these results and draw conclusions in other male populations. Key messages Fertility is an increasing Public Health Problem. Sugar-sweetened beverage intake is increasing amongst the population.
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