Abstract
Sugar alcohols and organic acids that derive from the metabolism of certain microorganisms have a panoply of applications in agro-food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The main challenge in their production is to reach a productivity threshold that allow the process to be profitable. This relies on the construction of efficient cell factories by metabolic engineering and on the development of low-cost production processes by using industrial wastes or cheap and widely available raw materials as feedstock. The non-conventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has emerged recently as a potential producer of such metabolites owing its low nutritive requirements, its ability to grow at high cell densities in a bioreactor and ease of genome edition. This review will focus on current knowledge on the synthesis of the most important sugar alcohols and organic acids in Y. lipolytica.
Highlights
Yarrowia lipolytica is an ascomycetous yeast generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status [1,2]
During trials in a 150-L bioreactor using the Y. lipolytica strain 704 grown in media based on paraffins and ammonium sulfate as carbon and nitrogen sources, an iCA titer of 84 g/L was obtained with a yield of 1.2 g/g after 3 days of culture [58]
It was produced with a titer of 1.36 g/L from rapeseed oil using the Y. lipolytica strain VKM Y-2412 [79]. In another process using a recombinant succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) negative Y. lipolytica strain for succinic acid (SA) synthesis, an acetic acid overflow was observed. It was caused by the transfer of CoA from acetyl-CoA to succinate in the mitochondria rather that pyruvate decarboxylation redaction [77]
Summary
Yarrowia lipolytica is an ascomycetous yeast generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status [1,2]. The release of the 20 Mb of its genome in 2004, and subsequent development of efficient genome editing tools have enabled the development of metabolic engineering strategies for the production of recombinant proteins and metabolites of biotechnological interest [5,6,7]. These engineering strategies aimed to endow Y. lipolytica with features for the catabolism of complex carbohydrates contained in organic wastes generated from industries or agricultural practices [8]. We aim to summarize the main research that has been performed, both at the molecular (strain development) and production (bioreactor) levels, for the synthesis of the most important organic acids and sugar alcohols using Y. lipolytica
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