Successful Treatment of Painful Irreparable Partial Meniscal Defects With a Polyurethane Scaffold

Abstract

Background: A novel, biodegradable, polyurethane scaffold was designed to fulfill an unmet clinical need in the treatment of patients with painful irreparable partial meniscal defects. Hypothesis: The use of an acellular polyurethane scaffold for new tissue generation in irreparable partial meniscal defects provides both pain relief and improved functionality. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Fifty-two patients with irreparable partial meniscal defects (34 medial and 18 lateral, 88% with 1-3 previous surgeries on the index meniscus) were implanted with a polyurethane scaffold in a prospective, single-arm, multicenter, proof-of-principle study. Safety was assessed by the rate of scaffold-related serious adverse events (SAEs) and the International Cartilage Repair Society articular cartilage scoring system comparing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 24 months to MRI at baseline (1 week). Kaplan-Meier time to treatment failure distributions were performed. Clinical outcomes were measured comparing visual analog scale, International Knee Documentation Committee, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Lysholm scores at 24 months from baseline (entry into study). Results: Clinically and statistically significant improvements (P < .0001) compared with baseline were reported in all clinical outcome scores (baseline/24 months): visual analog scale (45.7/20.3), International Knee Documentation Committee (45.4/70.1), KOOS symptoms (64.6/78.3), KOOS pain (57.5/78.6), KOOS activities of daily living (68.8/84.2), KOOS sports (30.5/59.0), KOOS quality of life (33.9/56.6), and Lysholm (60.1/80.7), demonstrating improvements in both pain and function. The incidence of treatment failure was 9 (17.3%) patients, of which 3 patients (8.8%) had medial meniscal defects and 6 patients (33.3%) had lateral meniscal defects. There were 9 SAEs requiring reoperation. Stable or improved International Cartilage Repair Society cartilage grades were observed in 92.5% of patients between baseline and 24 months. Conclusion: At 2 years after implantation, safety and clinical outcome data from this study support the use of the polyurethane scaffold for the treatment of irreparable, painful, partial meniscal defects.