Success Rate Of Mangrove Crab (Scylla Serrata) Molting With Different Salinity Treatments In Controlled Containers

Mud crab (Scylla serrata) is a fishery commodity that has high economic value and has a wide salinity tolerance so that its growth can be developed. The growth of mud crabs can be influenced by genetic traits such as moulting. In cultivation activities there are methods that can accelerate the moulting process such as environmental engineering (increasing and decreasing the salinity of the maintenance media) and mutilation. This study aims to determine the growth and fastest moulting time of crabs in media with different salinities in controlled media. The method used is an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replications, namely: (Control), (P1: 5 ppt), (P2: 10 ppt), (P3: 15 ppt) and (P4: 20 ppt) which are given to mud crabs for 45 days. The results showed that at 5 ppt salinity obtained the fastest moulting time which was 24.3 days and the longest was at 20 ppt salinity for 39 days, while the highest growth was obtained in the 15 ppt salinity treatment with an average absolute weight of 27.3 grams and the lowest was in the control treatment with an average absolute weight of 18.3 grams.

Mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) is a fishery commodity that has high economic value. The supply of mangrove crabs in Indonesia is still dominated by wild catches. One of the places to catch mangrove crabs is in the Mangrove Area of ​​Deah Raya Village, Syiah Kuala District, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Mud crabs are very susceptible to infestation by pathogens in their environment. Pathogens that are often found infesting mud crabs are parasites. Ectoparasite attacks are very dangerous for mud crabs because they can damage the body organs of mud crabs. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the level of intensity and prevalence of ectoparasites in mud crabs (Scylla serrata) caught by fishermen in Deah Raya Village. This research uses a survey method with a purposive sampling method. Ectoparasite examination is carried out using the smear method. This research was conducted at the Hatchery Laboratory of the Faculty of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries in May 2024. Thirty crabs (Scylla serrata) were randomly sampled from the mangrove area in ​​Deah Raya Village, Syiah Kuala District, and observed for the presence of ectoparasites. The observations revealed that the crabs were infested by ectoparasites from the protozoa phylum (such as Zoothamnium sp., Epistylis sp., and Vorticella sp.) and from the arthropod phylum (Octolasmis sp.). Infestation by Zoothamnium sp. was found as the most prevalent (n=15, 50%), followed by Epistylis sp. (n=6, 20%), Vorticella sp (n=3, 10%), and Octolasmis sp (n=3, 10%). The infestation intensity for Zoothamnium was 7.5 individuals per crab, Epistylis sp. 5.0 individuals per crab, Vorticella sp. 2 individuals per crab, and Octolasmis sp. 1 individual per crab. Considering the high prevalence and intensity of Zoothamnium sp. in the mangrove crabs, the mitigating efforts can be focused on this ectoparasite.

One of the fishery commodities in the mangrove forest area that has the potential to be cultivated in the mangrove crab (Scylla serrata). The local and international market demand for soft shell mud crab from year to year tends to increase. Most of the efforts to meet the needs of softshell crab still rely on catches from nature where availability is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of the long molting time of mud crab (Scylla serrata) fed trash feed and feed fed with spinach extract using natural methods and popeye. This research is experimental using a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of the natural method with trash feed, the natural method with spinach extract feed, the popeye method with trash feed, and the popeye method with spinach extract feed. The crabs used are mud crabs with the hard carapace. The test parameter is the length of time for mud crab molting, which is calculated starting from the hard-shelled crab to molting. The data obtained in the form of differences in the length of time for mud crab molting using various treatments were analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The results of this study indicate that the popeye method with spinach extract feed is the treatment that produces the best molting time, which is 14-21 days compared to other treatments.

Abstract. Khotimah A, Rokhmani, Edy Riwidiharso. 2018. Prevalence and abundance of Vorticella sp. on mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) landed at Sleko Fish Auction Place, Cilacap District, Central Java. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 4: 87-91. Vorticella sp. are ectoparasites that attack aquatic organisms, such as fish, shrimp, and crabs. Vorticella sp. causing decreased appetite, movement disorders, larval molting process, stress and even death on the host. Deaths from Vorticella sp. can cause the decline of mangrove crab population in water. One of the potential marine waters in Indonesia is Cilacap waters area. Cilacap waters area there are mangrove ecosystems Segara Anakan which is a shelter and source of feed for aquatic organisms, including mangrove crabs. Mud crab (Scylla serrata) has high economic value, both in domestic market and international market. Mangrove crab is one of fishery commodities that live in coastal waters, especially in mangrove forests (mangroves). This study aims to determine the prevalence of crabs infected with Vorticella sp. as well as the abundance of Vorticella sp. on mangrove crabs, landed on the Sleko Fish Auction Place (TPI). The research method used is a survey method with purposive sampling technique. Samples were taken as much as 10% of the number of mangrove crabs that are landing on the TPI Sleko.Results of research conducted on carapace, gill, foot, foot, and claws. The prevalence of mangrove crabs is categorized frequently, while the abundance of Vorticella sp. including in very rare categories.

Mangrove crab or known as Scylla sp. is one of the biota whose habitat is in coastal waters, especially in mangrove forest areas. The need for mangrove crabs still largely relies on natural catches that are fluctuating. For this reason, it is necessary to cultivate mangrove crabs in a controlled manner that can support an effective, efficient and economically profitable mangrove crab farming business. Cultivation can increase mangrove crab production to meet domestic and foreign market demand. An alternative that can be chosen for mangrove crab cultivation is an apartment system that is arranged vertically in the form of a storage rack. The water medium used in this apartment system cultivation uses a recirculation system. One of the efforts to accelerate the growth of crabs is by using steroid hormones. Ecdysteroid is the main steroid hormone that has the main function as a skin replacement hormone. In addition, this hormone also regulates physiological functions, such as growth, metamorphosis, and reproduction. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of using fern leaf extract (Diplazium esculentum) in raw fish feed with different doses on growth and feed conversion ratio in mud crabs. This research method uses a field experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replicates with different percentage doses, namely: PA: Percentage of 0 ml/Kg, PB: Percentage of 100 ml/Kg, PC: Percentage of 125 ml/Kg, PD: Percentage of 150 ml/Kg, PE: 175 ml/Kg percentage. The results showed that the use of fern leaf extract in mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) feed had a significant effect on the growth of absolute weight, Absolute Length, SGR (Specific Growth Rate) and FCR (Feed Conversion Ratio) where the most influential treatment was treatment E which was the highest dose of 175 ml/Kg. This indicates that treatment E is the best dose treatment for growth and feed conversion ratio of mud crab (Scylla serrata).

Mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) is a crab that has high potential and is cultivated in mangrove areas, so that many people keep mangrove crabs. However, there are still many obstacles, including slow growth. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of Fitoimun® mixed into crab feed to see survival, weight growth, specific daily growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and carapace width, which were reared in silvofishery ponds in Salo Palai Village. The study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment was Fitoimun® products containing Solanum ferox L and Boesenbergia pandurata, with a dose of 0 mL/kg, 20 mL/kg, 24 mL/kg. This study used mud crabs a weight of about 187-300 grams and a carapace width of about 95.0-110.5 mm. Feeding is given once every 2 days, in the morning at 07.00-08.00 and in the afternoon at 16.00-17.00. The feed given to crabs was measured as 5% of the crab's biomass weight. The results showed that the use of Fitoimun® products had no significant effect on survival, absolute weight growth, specific daily growth rate, carapace width, and feed conversion ratio, water quality during the study temperature 28.5°C, pH 7.5, DO 5.8 mg/L, salinity 13.8 mg/L pond. The relatively good Fitoimun® at a dose of 20 mL/kg mixed into mud crab (Scylla serrata) feed was able to increase growth, specific daily growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and carapace width. Keywords: Ftoimun®, growth survival, mud crab.

This study aims to know various types, prevalence, and intensity of ectoparasite on mud crab (Scylla serrata) in Mangrove Forest Wonorejo, Surabaya. This study used survey method with random sampling to collect the data. This study was conducted in November 2020. Ectoparasite in this study collected by smear method. In-situ water quality measurement were applied in this study. Mud crab (Scylla serrata) in this study was obtained from local fisherman that consist of 30 crabs. There are 3 types of ectoparasite was infected mud crab there are Octolasmis sp. (208 ind), Zoothamnium sp. (93 ind), dan Epistylis sp. (116 ind). Those ectoparasite was found in mud crabs gills. The highest prevalence was Octolasmis sp. (70%), Epistylis sp. (30%), Zoothamnium sp. (23%). The highest intensity was Zoothamnium sp (13,29 ind/crab), Epistylis sp. (12,89 ind/crab), dan Octolasmis sp. (9,90 ind/crab). Based on Ministerial Decree of Ministry Environment and Forestry No. 1 of 2004 water quality in Wonorejo Mangrove Forest was still optimal for life cycle of mud crab with average of temperature is 31,20°C, Dissolved Oxygen 5,53 mg/l, salinity 11 ppt, and pH 7,40.

Abstract. Hastuti YP, Rusmana I, Nirmala K, Affandi R, Tridesianti S. 2019. Identification and characterization of nitrifying bacteria in mud crab (Scylla serrata) recirculation aquaculture system by 16S rRNA sequencing. Biodiversitas 20: 1339-1343. Recirculation is one of the systems used for increasing aquaculture production, for example, is mud crab Scylla serrata culture. Aquaculture activities will produce organic nitrogen waste and can be affected to inorganic condition (nitrification bacteria). Nitrifying bacteria are capable of changing aerobically from NH4+ to NO2-(nitrite) and from NO2-to NO3-(nitrate). This current work aimed to identify and characterize nitrifying bacteria in mud crab (S. serrata) culture with a recirculated system. Nitrifying bacteria were isolated using serial dilution (10-1 until 10-5) of open filter FB water sample previously cultured in a specific medium. Bacterial identification was performed using a procedure of PrestoTM Mini gDNA Kit (Geneid) for DNA extraction and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) primer 63F and 1387R for 16S rRNA gene amplification. Molecular identification using 16S rRNA sequences, the nitrifying bacteria isolated from mud crab recirculation aquaculture system were 99% identified as a group Pantoea calida, Pseudomonas stutzerii dan Halomonas sp. Morphological characterization of the colony morphology showed that a mucoid appearance and appeared cream in color and large size. Furthermore, their cells were recognized as basil and Gram-negative.

Mud crab (Scylla serrata) have potency commercial market in this country and the other country. That thing because mud crab (Scylla serrata) flesh has a delicious taste and high nutrition. People haven’t knowed about cholesterol content in both male or female mud crab (Scylla serrata), whereas the knowledge about cholesterol content is important to consider nutrition intake to keep in good health. This research aim to determine cholesterol content in Scylla serrata by observing male and female crab in Pemalang and Demak. This research used descriptive method and sampling used purposive random sampling method. Determination of sampling position used purposive sampling method. This research has done in October 30th – November 25th 2011. This research used 30 male and 30 female with mean body weigh 60 - 100 g. Analysis of cholesterol content used method by Lieberman–Burchad. Result from this research indicates that S. serrata from Pemalang has cholesterol content more large than S. serrata from Demak, while the male crab from both place has higher cholesterol content than female crab (66,67 mg/100g and 61,67 mg/100g in male crab, and 64,67 mg/100g and 58,33 mg/100g in female crab).

The mangrove pens were modified to produce mud crab (Scylla serrata) and milkfish (Chanos chanos) in a polyculture system. The modification of mangrove pens was done by adding excavations inside the pen. The water quality parameters (dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, salinity, and temperature) were monitored, and the recovery and production rates in each pen were evaluated. The experiment was conducted for a rearing period of 143 days in nine mangrove pens, each having an area of 32 m2 and an average net enclosure height of 3 m from the soil surface. The three different pens constructed (existing design: canal only, 43% excavation by area, and 54% excavation by area) were designated as T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The water quality parameters recorded in the pens were favorable for the growth and recovery of the mud crab and milkfish, except for DO. For mud crab, the highest mean recovery was recorded in T2, followed by T3, and the lowest in T1. The production rate followed the same pattern as the recovery, with T2 having the highest, followed by T3, and T1 having the lowest. The statistical analysis revealed that the variations in mud crab recovery were not significant, while in terms of production rate, modified mangrove pens were found to be more effective than the existing design. Due to the total mortality of the cultured milkfish, the current set-up of modified mangrove pens was found to be unsuitable for the polyculture system of milkfish and mud crab production.

Crab is one of the most abundant marine animals in Indonesia. Crabs not only rich of nutrient, but also have commercial value. Today, there is an innovation in crab aquaculture use ecdysis mechanism, known as soft shell crab. However, the limited studies about biochemical and nutritional composition of this crab remain to be explored. The aims of this research were to understand total fat, calcium, iron, and zinc contents of crab (Scylla serrata) during ecdysis process until being soft shell crab comparing to the hard shell crab from the same species. This research was done using crab Scylla serrata, male, weighing ± 150-180 gr, completely randomized design with four variations of treatment, during 8 days, 16 days, soft shell crab, and control, repeated 3 times. Samples from each treatment were grown and were prepared for the chemical analysis. Total fat was measured using Soxhlet method with chloroform and methanol (1:2, v/v) as solvent. Atomic absorption spectrometer was used to measure calcium, iron, and zinc contents. Then, the result were analyzed using one way Anova and Duncan 5 %. The results showed that the total fat, calcium and zinc contents of soft shell crab Scylla serrata were higher and significantly different with three other treatments. It could be concluded that the ecdysis process, raised total fat, calcium and zinc contents of crab Scylla serrata. The total fat, calcium, and zinc contents of soft shell crab Scylla serrata was higher than that of hard shell crab from the same species.

Nutritional properties of wild and fattening mud crab (Scylla serrata) in the south-eastern district of Bangladesh

Mud crab (Scylla serrata) is one of small scale fisheries commodity that have high economic value and typically associated with good mangrove ecosystem. A habitat degradation will cause a serious impact on the existence of mud crab population. The puropse of this study was to assess the ecological quality of mud crab habitat condition on Bintan Bay’s mangrove ecosystem. Ecological data collection was conducted by using plots line transect for mangrove and the mud carb data collection by using fishermen catch (fisher based survey). The results showed the value of habitat quality index (HQI) of mud crab (Scylla serrata) ranged from 52-82 which mean in the “moderate” category (index value 43-66) and "good" (index value 67-90). It showed that Bintan Bay’s mangrove ecosystems was good enough to support the viability of mud crab. Habitat quality had a linier impact on body weight gain (R2 = 99.78%) and carapace width (R2= 99.21%). This showed that higher the index value of habitat quality, the size of the body weight and carapace width will increases. Keywords: Scylla serrata, habitat quality, ecology, mangroves, and Bintan Bay

Mud crab Scylla serrata of Kotania Bay and Pelita Jaya Bay of Western Seram District, has been harvested by local fishermen for more than 25 years. The mud crab has high economic value, and there is always a market for this fishery. The economic dependence of the fishermen forces them to harvest this resource extensively. No existing management strategy and extensive exploitation leads to unsustainable conditions of this fishery. With inadequate data condition, the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model constructs an ecological, social-economy, and institutional conceptual model framework for sustainable management of this fishery. The driving force (D) in this fishery comes from the local fishers harvesting the mud crab. The two most sensitive attributes that affected mud crab sustainability from Rapfish analysis were used as state-level of DPSIR methodology. The result shows that the most sensitive variables from ecological, socio-economy, and institution were: caught before maturity, mud crab size, consumer attitude towards sustainability, just management, government quality, and monitoring and reporting, respectively. It was concluded that this conceptual model allows a better understanding of how the mud crab S. serrata system works and management actions taken at different system components. This conceptual model framework can be a useful tool to incorporate the participation of stakeholders, managers, and scientists in the process of a sustainable management plan.

Abstract. Mud crab shells contain chitin which can be converted into chitosan. Co-processed excipient or combining two or more excipient ingredients can increase the compressibility, compactibility of tablets. This research aims to formulate the active ingredient chitosan which is synthesized from mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) shells and then make chitosan tablets with a co-processed excipient consisting of two variations of primogel. The difference in formula, namely F1 (primogel 4%) and F2 (primogel 8%) was then seen as to its effect on the physical quality of the tablet. The tablet printing method is direct compression. The physical quality of the tablets was evaluated and the results showed that the formula met the test requirements for tablet weight uniformity, friability, hardness, disintegration time but did not meet the requirements for tablet size uniformity. Then the evaluation results of the co-processed excipient met the specifications for the flow speed test, angle of repose, compressibility index, Hausner ratio, water content test and particle size distribution. Thus, it can be concluded that chitosan from mangrove crab shells (Scylla serrata) can be formulated into tablet preparations from co-processed excipients using the direct compression method but there is no significant difference between Primogel 4% and 8% as a crushing agent on the characteristics of chitosan tablets. mud crab (Scylla serrata) shell. Kata Kunci: Chitosan; Co-processed Excipients; Primogel; Scylla serrata ;Tablets