Abstract
Neuroblasts born in the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) migrate long distances in the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulbs where they integrate into circuitry as functional interneurons. As very little was known about the dynamic parameters of SVZ neuroblast migration, we used two-photon time-lapse microscopy to analyze migration in acute slices. This involved analyzing 3D stacks of images over time and uncovered several novel aspects of SVZ migration: chains remain stable, cells can be immotile for extensive periods, morphology does not necessarily correlate with motility, neuroblasts exhibit local exploratory motility, dorsoventral migration occurs throughout the striatal SVZ, and neuroblasts turn at distinctive angles. We investigated these novel findings in the SVZ and RMS from the population to the single cell level. In this review we also discuss some technical considerations when setting up a two-photon microscope imaging system. Throughout the review we identify several unsolved questions about SVZ neuroblast migration that might be addressed with current or emerging techniques.
Highlights
SVZ neuroblasts migrate through the rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulbs The subventricular zone (SVZ) lining the lateral ventricles is one of the two largest neurogenic areas within the adult mouse brain
Neuroblast migration from the SVZ to the olfactory bulb (OB) is thought to have features of both of these: tangential migration occurs from the SVZ through the rostral migratory stream (RMS), there is a switch to migrating radially outward into the OB layers even though this radially oriented migration does not depend on radial glia
Direct cell–cell contact between neuroblasts is crucial for migration, of which the originally studied mediator the polysialylated form of neural cell adhesion molecule is expressed at high levels in the SVZ (PSA–NCAM; Szele et al, 1994; Rousselot et al, 1995; Szele and Chesselet, 1996)
Summary
SVZ neuroblasts migrate through the rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulbs The subventricular zone (SVZ) lining the lateral ventricles is one of the two largest neurogenic areas within the adult mouse brain. GFAP+ stem-like cells and transit amplifying cells in the SVZ are labeled with bright GFP and neuroblasts with dim GFP (Figure 3B) allowing them to be distinguished in the same slice (Kim et al, 2009).
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