Abstract
The study aimed at investigating the morphofunctional state of the pituitary gland in white rats under the subtoxic exposure to sodium fluoride. Mature male rats (N = 17), weighing 130-150 g, were intragastrically administered with aqueous solutions of sodium fluoride in a dose of 1/10 LD50 ranged from 20 mg / kg of body weight. The duration of the subacute experiment was 60 days. To assess the morphological rearrangement at the subcellular level of organization of the pituitary gland, electron microscopy was performed. The microscopic study revealed changes in the submicroscopic architecture resulted from dystrophic processes caused by the subtoxic exposure to sodium fluoride. Prolonged sodium fluoride intoxication led to a number of changes in the ultrastructure of the pituitary gland, manifested by the development of intracellular oedema, swelling of mitochondria, changes in the density of their matrix, partial reduction and loss of cristae, vacuolization and expansion of the cisterns of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, an increase in the number of primary lysosomes, in the redistribution of chromatin nucleus and a decrease in the number of ribosomes and glycogen granules. Hemocapillaries showed oedema of endothelial cells, uneven thickening of the basement membrane, vasodilatation with the development of stasis and sludge of erythrocytes. As in the vessels of the hypothalamus, the presence of fibrin and a significant number of platelets has been found. These changes indicate a disruption of bioenergetics associated with the mitochondrial apparatus and the development of hypoxic processes, which lead to a decrease in the activity of redox reactions occurring at the level of intracellular membranes and organelles.
Highlights
Fluorine compounds are widespread in nature and known as industrial pollutants
The aim of this research was to reveal the peculiarities of the morphofunctional state of the pituitary gland in rats at the ultramicroscopic level following the subtoxic exposure to sodium fluoride
The experimental group consisted of the rats, which were given intragastrical injections with an aqueous solution of sodium fluoride in a dose of 1/10 LD50 ranged from 20 mg / kg of animal body weight daily
Summary
Fluorine compounds are widespread in nature and known as industrial pollutants. Fluorine does not exist in nature, but it forms inorganic and organic complex compounds, fluorides, the content of which in the Earth's crust makes up approximately 0.06-0.09%. It is known that low concentrations of fluoride are necessary for normal growth and development of the body. With excessive intake of the chemical element, significant dysfunctions of vital organs, cell damage and necrosis occur [1]. The effect of fluoride ions as chemical agents is directed at metabolism, which imbalance manifests in functional and structural changes. Damaging factors result from several pathogenetic mechanisms including the disruption of the energy supply of the processes occurring in the cell and damage to membrane structures and enzyme systems of the cell [2]
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