Abstract
Abstract This study was conducted in Lincoln, NE on a Kentucky bluegrass golf course fairway. The turf (95% Kentucky bluegrass) was maintained at a mowing height of 1.6 cm and thatch accumulation (finger compressed) in the plot area was 1.3 to 1.9 cm. Field conditions at the time of application were: air temperature, 27.2°C; soil temperature (10-cm depth), 16.7°C; soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 3-5%; soil pH, 6.0 to 7.0; water pH, 7.0; soil moisture, 15%. Plots were 1.05 X 4.5 m and the experimental design was a RCB with 3 replications. Insecticides were applied 18 Aug; subsurface treatments were applied using a Cushman prototype subsurface applicator designed to place liquid insecticides at the soil-thatch interface (average depth, 1.9 cm), and a Cushman prototype high pressure liquid injector. Conventional liquid insecticide treatments were applied with a C02 sprayer. Immediately following applications, plots were irrigated with 1 cm of water. The test area received approximately 3.8 cm of irrigated water during the post-treatment period. Treatments were evaluated 21 DAT on 8 Sep by removing from each plot three, 20.3 cm diam turf-soil cores (.09 m2 total area) to a depth of 7.6 cm and counting the number of surviving grubs
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