Abstract
Abstract Treatments were applied to eight-tree plots replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot contained one tree each of the following varieties: ‘McIntosh,’ ‘Cortland,’ ‘Delicious,’ ‘Rhode Island Greening,’ ‘Empire,’ ‘Early McIntosh,’ ‘Rome Beauty,’ and ‘Golden Delicious.’ All treatments were applied dilute to runoff using a high-pressure handgun sprayer at 21 kg/cm2 delivering from 10.2 to 15.9 liters spray/tree or 2450 to 3805 liters/ha depending upon foliage and weather conditions. Trees on the EMU rootstock were 28 yr-old, 3 m high, and 3.7 m wide. Treatments were applied at pink (1 May), petal fall (19 May), and as cover sprays on 3 and 17 Jun, 1, 15 and 28 Jul and 12 Aug. Only Guthion 35 W was applied at pink. The petal fall application of TD-2321-1 was delayed 7 d because the material arrived late. By design, the second cover spray of Imidan was omitted. Insect damage to mature fruit was assessed at harvest (11 Sep) by examining 100 ‘McIntosh’ apples from each replicate. Combined first and second brood STLM was evaluated on 7 and 21 Jul by counting for three min mines on randomly selected ‘Golden Delicious’ leaves. RLH nymphs were counted on 25 randomly selected ‘Golden Delicious’ leaves on 14 and 20 Jul. The aphid complex was evaluated on 12 and 22 Jun by walking the tree line and counting infested terminals per ‘Golden Delicious’ tree.
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