Abstract
Substorm breakup and following intensifications consist of a chain of activations with typical duration of 15–90s, which are identified as an elementary event of the substorm phenomena. Comparison of the activation effects in different types of measurements and magnetospheric regions is presented. The main conclusion is that the activations observed in aurora, auroral X-rays and energetic particle fluxes in the inner magnetosphere may have similar structure and are presumed to be well correlated in time and location. This means that the same elementary onset instability in the inner magnetosphere is responsible for the auroral and energetic particle acceleration and accompanying effects in fields and currents.
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