Abstract
Cultivation and harvesting of microalgal biomass are energy-intensive and expensive processes. Hence, this study explored the effect of substituting microalgal biomass with faecal sludge (wet-waste) at different ratios (100:0, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 0:100) for biocrude production through hydrothermal liquefaction. Among the various ratios, the co-hydrothermal liquefaction of MA25FS75 (25% microalgae: 75% faecal sludge) sample showed the highest biocrude yield of 38% with a lighter hydrocarbon fraction of 43% (kerosene 15% and diesel 28%) and HHV of 33.8 MJ/Kg. In addition, the biocrude maturity and intensity analysis suggested higher A-factor and lower C-factor for MA25FS75, which indicated a high-quality crude property. Finally, the higher energy recovery of 85.6% and lower energy consumption ratio of 0.58 for MA25FS75 confirmed the net energy positivity system. So, this study suggested that the faecal sludge was an environment-friendly low-cost replacement of microalgae for high-quality biocrude production towards a sustainable biorefinery approach.
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