Substantiation seasonal load of beet harvester SKS-624 “Palesse BS624-1” at different start of harvesting

Abstract

Purpose. To increase the efficiency of technological processes (TP) of sugar beet harvesting (ZTSB) by substantiating the rational seasonal loading of the beet harvester SKS-624 “Palesse BS624-1” at different times of commencement of harvesting operations, as well as to establish the regularities of changes in the functional indicators. Methods. The research uses the methods: analysis and synthesis of SBH TP components for the theoretical definition of efficiency factors; system-factor and system-event approaches to reveal their influence and reflection in the statistical simulation model of the SBH TP; statistical simulation to determine functional performance indicators of TP; iterations of the simulation model for displaying the stochastic agrometeorological and biological-substantive components; correlation-regression and statistical analysis of the computer experiments results. Results. It is emphasized on the importance of taking account of agrometeorological and biological-substantive components for the coordination of the SBH beginning time and their production area with parameters of technical support (beet harvesters and trailers-reloaders of root crops). The features of SBH TP are singled out, which should be taken into account in their statistical simulation model. The statistical simulation was performed, results were generalized and the dependencies of the functional efficiency indicators of these TP for the given beet harvester – SCS-624 “Palesse BS624-1” were established. It has been shown that the choice of the harvest beginning time does not allow simultaneously to minimize biological and technological losses of sugar beet root crops. The optimum sugar beets production area for the considered beet-harvesting combine is substantiated and the dependence of this area with the beginning time of the harvesting TP is shown. The harvesting beginning time and sugar beet production area has been agreed with the parameters of a beet harvester. The minimum specific unit costs of the technological system are achieved. Conclusions 1.The computer experiments results with the statistical simulation model SBH TP (for the beet harvester SKS-624 “Palesse BS624-1” and the trailer-loader roots – HTZ-243K.20 + Hawe Ruw 2500T) convinced that the choice of rational beginning time of the TP will not allow to reduce the biological and technological losses of the crop to an absolute minimum. This is the basis for using the cost criterion to justify the parameters of the relevant technical support. 2.The usage of the developed methods and models, as well as the combination of the production and computer experiments results, made it possible to prove the possibility of substantiation of the technical support parameters of SBH TP on the basis of their agreement with the beginning time of the TP and the sugar beets production area. In particular, it was found that shifting the beginning time of these TP in relatively recent calendar terms (from 260 to 285 days, its mean – September 18 to October 13) necessitates the reduction of the optimal production area Sopt from 180 to 80 hectares for a beet harvester SKS-624 “Palesse BS624-1”, which necessitates additional combines. It is also worth noting the increase in the specific aggregate cost of funds from 5795.33 UAH/ha (for seasonal load 180 ha) to 11570.53 UAH/ha (for seasonal load 80 ha). Keywords: harvester, reloader, harvesting, sugar beet, stochasticity, yield losses, modeling, coordination of components, efficiency.