Abstract
The mirid bug, Apolygus lucorum, has become a major pest of many crops and fruit trees since the widespread adoption of Bt cotton in northern China. Neonicotinoid insecticides, such as dinotefuran, applied to control this pest may show sublethal effects, but evidence for such effects is lacking. Here, we investigated the sublethal and transgenerational effects of dinotefuran on biological parameters and feeding behavioural traits of A. lucorum using the age-stage, two-sex life table and electrical penetration graphs (EPGs), respectively. The LC10 and LC30 of dinotefuran against 3rd-instar nymphs of A. lucorum were 14.72 and 62.95 mg L−1, respectively. These two concentrations significantly extended the development duration from 3rd-instar nymph to adult in parent generation (F0). LC30 also increased the oviposition period and male adult longevity and reduced nymphal survival rate in the F0. For offspring generation (F1), the egg duration, preadult duration, and total preoviposition period were significantly lower at LC10 than in the control, and the egg duration, duration of 4th-instar nymphs, preadult duration, oviposition period, and fecundity were also decreased at LC30. However, the four demographic parameters of F1 generation, namely, net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and mean generation time (T), were not affected by dinotefuran. The significant differences in the number of probes and duration of each of four feeding waveforms failed to be detected when A. lucorum nymphs treated by dinotefuran feed on Bt cotton plants without insecticide exposure. Overall, the dinotefuran concentrations tested here have sublethal, but no transgenerational impacts on A. lucorum.
Highlights
The mirid bug, Apolygus lucorum, has become a major pest of many crops and fruit trees since the widespread adoption of Bt cotton in northern China
At 48 h, the linear regression equation derived from the concentration-mortality response bioassay was Y = 1.2X − 2.683 (χ2 = 3.44, P = 0.33; X represents the log-transformed concentrations of dinotefuran, and Y represents the probability of A. lucorum mortality)
The nymphal survival rate from 3rd-instar nymph to adult was reduced at LC30 (Control: 66.67 %; LC10: 64.44 %; LC30: 40 %; X2 = 8.04, P = 0.018) and the female adult longevity and fecundity were significantly lower at LC10 than at LC30
Summary
The mirid bug, Apolygus lucorum, has become a major pest of many crops and fruit trees since the widespread adoption of Bt cotton in northern China. Neonicotinoid insecticides, such as dinotefuran, applied to control this pest may show sublethal effects, but evidence for such effects is lacking. We investigated the sublethal and transgenerational effects of dinotefuran on biological parameters and feeding behavioural traits of A. lucorum using the age-stage, two-sex life table and electrical penetration graphs (EPGs), respectively. The sublethal effects of dinotefuran on the biological parameters and feeding behaviour of parent (F0) and offspring generations (F1) were determined using the age-stage, two-sex life table and EPGs, respectively. The purpose was to clarify whether the population-level performance and behavioural traits of A. lucorum were influenced by dinotefuran exposure
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