Subgingival microflora in adolescent females with polycystic ovary syndrome and its association with oral hygiene, gingivitis, and selected metabolic and hormonal parameters

Natalia Wendland,Małgorzata Mizgier,Justyna Opydo-Szymaczek,Grażyna Jarząbek-Bielecka

doi:10.1007/s00784-020-03456-5

Natalia Wendland, Małgorzata Mizgier + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03456-5

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Abstract

ObjectivesResearch studies suggest that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may influence the composition of the oral microflora in women. This study aimed to investigate factors affecting the number of selected periopathogens in a young cohort of females with PCOS and to assess the association between oral hygiene, subgingival microbiome, gingival health, and metabolic and hormonal parameters.Materials and methodsThirty-two subjects with PCOS and twenty-three healthy controls aged 15–19 years were examined periodontally by a calibrated dentist. A real-time PCR method was used for the identification of 9 subgingival microorganisms. Subjects with PCOS underwent blood tests for determination of FSH, LH, total testosterone, DHEA-S, estradiol, SHBG, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and lipid profile.ResultsGingival index (GI), the proportion of bleeding sites (BOP%), probing depth (PD), and plaque index (PLI) did not differ significantly between cases and healthy age-mates. The control group had significantly higher levels of Peptostreptococcus micros and substantially greater percentage of subjects infected by Treponema denticola. Capnocytophaga gingivalis count was positively correlated with the level of estradiol, while the concentration of HDL-C was negatively correlated with the number of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and orange complex bacteria.ConclusionsPCOS in young patients was not associated with higher pathogenicity of subgingival biofilms.Clinical relevanceFurther studies are needed to explain the relationship between hormonal and metabolic abnormalities, subgingival microflora, and periodontal health in patients with PCOS.

Highlights

Dental plaque is the primary etiologic factor for the initiation of periodontal disease
Under the category of dental plaque–induced gingival diseases mediated by systemic risk factors, those associated with puberty, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and oral contraceptives are classified as gingivitis exacerbated by sex steroid hormones [2]
Among the dental plaque–related variables, plaque index (PLI) was significantly correlated with gingival index (GI) and BOP% (p < 0.0001), while BOP% was significantly correlated with T. denticola and T. forsythia counts, and with the number of bacteria from red complex

Summary

Introduction

Dental plaque is the primary etiologic factor for the initiation of periodontal disease. Current periodontal disease classification recognizes the impact of sex hormones on the periodontium. Under the category of dental plaque–induced gingival diseases mediated by systemic risk factors, those associated with puberty, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and oral contraceptives are classified as gingivitis exacerbated by sex steroid hormones [2]. Recent studies showed a significant association between periodontal disease and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. PCOS is the most common endocrinopathy, affecting women of reproductive age with the prevalence ranging from 15 to 20% according to the Rotterdam criteria

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