Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder, characterised by focal loss of cartilage and increased subchondral bone remodelling at early OA stages of the disease. We have investigated the temporal and the spatial relationship between bone remodelling in subchondral bone plate (Sbp) and trabecular bone (Tb) in Dunkin Hartley (DH, develop OA early) and the Bristol Strain 2 (BS2, control which develop OA late) guinea pigs. Right tibias were dissected from six male animals of each strain, at 10, 16, 24 and 30 weeks of age. Micro-computed tomography was used to quantify the growth plate thickness (GpTh), subchondral bone plate thickness (SbpTh) and trabecular bone thickness (TbTh), and bone mineral density (BMD) in both Sbp and Tb. The rate of change was calculated for 10–16 weeks, 16–24 weeks and 24–30 weeks. The rate of changes in Sbp and Tb thickness at the earliest time interval (10–16 weeks) were significantly greater in DH guinea pigs than in the growth-matched control strain (BS2). The magnitude of these differences was greater in the medial side than the lateral side (DH: 22.7 and 14.75 µm/week, BS2: 5.63 and 6.67 µm/week, respectively). Similarly, changes in the BMD at the earliest time interval was greater in the DH strain than the BS2, again more pronounced in the disease prone medial compartment (DH: 0.0698 and 0.0372 g/cm3/week, BS2: 0.00457 and 0.00772 g/cm3/week, respectively). These changes observed preceded microscopic and cellular signs of disease as previously reported. The rapid early changes in SbpTh, TbTh, Sbp BMD and Tb BMD in the disease prone DH guinea pigs compared with the BS2 control strain suggest a link to early OA pathology. This is corroborated by the greater relative changes in subchondral bone in the medial compared with the lateral compartment.
Highlights
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease and is recognised as one of the leading cause of pain and disability among the elderly
The incidence of OA in humans or animals is associated with abnormal subchondral bone remodelling [3,4] and various studies have shown that increased subchondral bone turnover is accompanied by structural changes of the bone, which include increased thickness of subchondral bone plate (Sbp) and trabecular bone (Tb) [1,5,6], and formation of subchondral bone cysts and peripheral osteophytes [5,7,8,9], as evidenced by radiographic and morphometric analysis
When comparing the disease prone DH strain with the control BS2 strain, it was clear that the magnitude of differences at the earliest interval (10–16 weeks) were greater in the subchondral bone plate than the trabecular bone for both thickness and bone mineral density (BMD)
Summary
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease and is recognised as one of the leading cause of pain and disability among the elderly. The disease is characterised by bone remodelling, cartilage degradation and variable inflammation of the synovium. These processes have been widely investigated and both historical and recent studies suggest that bone changes may precede changes in other joint tissues [1,2]. 2 of 11 2 of 11 cysts and peripheral osteophytes [5,7,8,9], as evidenced by radiographic and morphometric analysis ooff tthhee oosstteeooaarrtthhrriittiicc jjooiinntt. TThhee ssuubbcchhoonnddrraall bboonnee ccoonnssiissttss ooff ttwwoo ccoommppaarrttmmeennttss;; tthhee bboonnee ppllaattee,, wwhhiicchh iiss ccoorrttiiccaall bboonnee,, aanndd uunnddeerrllyyiinngg ttrraabbeeccuullaarr bboonnee. AofccOoArd.inAgclcyo, rtdhienagilmy, otfhtehaeicmurorefntthsetucduyrreisnttosdtuedteyrmisintoe tdheetepramttienren,tsheequpeanttceerna,nsdetqhueenrecleataionndshthipe breeltawtieoennshSibppbaentdweTebnreSmbpodaenldlinTgb, druerminogdedlelivnegl,opdmureinngt odfeOvAeloipnmtwenotsopfonOtaAneinoutswaonismpoalnmtanoedoeulss, aanndimtaol tmesotdtehles,haynpdottohetesisst tthheathbyopnoethcehsaisntgheastibnotnheecOhaAngpersonine tDheHOgAuipnreoanpeiDg HwhgiucihnedaevpeiglowphOicAh adreovuenlodp1O2 wAeaerkosuwndill1b2ewmeoekres pwriolnl obuenmceodreapnrdonraopuindcceodmapnadrerdaptiodthcoemBpS2arsetdration twhheiBchS2hsatsraaindewlahyiecdh dheavsealodpemlaeynedt odfeOvAeloapromuenndt o24f OwAeeakrsooufnadg2e.4 weeks of age
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