Subacute Toxicity of Microgranulated Myrmecodia platytyrea Aqueous Tuber Extract (gMPAE)

Abstract

Introduction: Myrmecodia platytyrea, locally known as ‘Sarang Semut’, is an epiphytic plant native to Asia and the Asia Pacific. The tubers were traditionally used to manage cancer, hyperuricemia, and coronary heart diseases. Scientifically, the aqueous tuber extract has potential pharmacological benefits, including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Since the extract had no acute or subacute toxic effects, it might be used as a supplement to reduce inflammation and improve physiological functioning with better bioavailability than conventional preparations. This study aims to investigate the subacute toxicity of the microgranulated aqueous extract of M. platytyrea tuber (gMPAE). Methods: The formulation of the microgranules was established and analysed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The subacute oral toxicity study was carried out. The female nulliparous and non-pregnant ICR mice were divided into three groups (n=5), a group treated with normal saline (control group), a group treated with a placebo (blank microgranules), and a group treated with gMPAE, orally once daily for 28 days. Results: The gMPAE was produced using a spray-dry method and displayed microparticles with irregular shapes typical for spray-dried formulations. The sub-acute toxicity study showed no physical or behavioural changes in both placebo or gMPAE-treated mice compared to the control mice, with no mortality observed after 28 days of treatment and no signs of delayed occurrence of toxic effects 14 days post-treatment. Conclusion: Standardised spray-dried microgranules of M. platytyrea tuber aqueous extract were successfully developed to enhance the extract’s efficacy and are safe to be used as health supplements.