Sub-6 GHz V2X-Assisted Synchronous Millimeter Wave Scheduler for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications

Abstract

As millimeter wave (mmWave) technology becomes more integrated into today's communication infrastructure, its application to mobile scenarios has attracted considerable interests. In particular, mmWave technology is one of the leading candidates in Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) community to address the ever-rising data exchange demand from vehicles. However, the inherent directionality of the technology poses challenges to peer discovery and transmission scheduling in typical V2X scenarios, causing significant loss of network capacity. To mitigate this issue, we propose a novel sub-6 GHz V2X-assisted synchronous mmWave communication scheduler in this paper. The sub-6 GHz channel serves as control channel for mmWave scheduling. The scheduler carefully considers data importance and freshness in determining communication schedule, such that network utility across mmWave links is maximized. We formulate the scheduling problem into an integer linear programming (ILP) problem. However, ILP problem is NP-hard and has exponential computational complexity for the worst cases. We then develop a scheduling algorithm, maximum weight matching based iterative algorithm (MWMIA), that operates in polynomial time with performance guarantees for the NP-hard ILP, by leveraging structural properties of link conflicts. Comparative simulation studies verify the effectiveness of our scheduler against other solutions.